"Isifo sokuthandana kwabantu abasetyhini (Homophobia)"

Igama "homophobia", elenzelwe ukuphela kwe-60 ngu-George Weinberg, oligorha eliyintshatsheli, liye laba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwicebo lezopolitiko labaphembeli be-LGBT kunye nabalingane babo.

Ukuqala kwesigama kwenzeka kwi-American porno tabloid "Screw" ukusuka kwi-23 ngoMeyi 1969, apho kwakuthetha uloyiko lwamadoda angabalingani ngokwesini ukuba banokuthi baphazame abantu abathandana abathandanayo. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, u-Weinberg kwincwadi yakhe, uMbutho kunye ne-Healthy Homosexual, wachaza ubungqingili njenge "Ukoyikwa kwabantu abathandana abathandana nabo, nto leyo ehambelana noloyiko losulelo kunye nokuncipha kwamakhaya kunye nosapho". Wayichaza njenge phobia yonyango.

Amatshantliziyo amabini abungqingili avela eHarvard abhale ngendlela yokusasaza ubufanasini:

Kwaye ngelixa igama elithi "homohatred" liya kuchaneka ngakumbi, "i-homophobia" isebenza ngcono ngokuthetha ngenxa yokuba ivakala ingakhubekisi kangako kubantu abathe tye kwaye icebisa, ngendlela ecacileyo, ukuba iimvakalelo ezichasene ne-gay zinxulumene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. ukungaqiniseki. (After The Ball, iphe.221)

Unjingalwazi wezengqondo kunye nophando uGregory Herek uphawula ukuba injongo kaWeinberg yokusondeza “inkqubela phambili yekhaya” kufutshane nembali yezopolitiko ibiyinto yezopolitiko, hayi ithiyori. qinisekisa kunye nabaphuhlisi i-gay propaganda kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard:

Ababhali bencwadi "Ukuxhatshazwa ngokweemvakalelo, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwesondo"Ibango:

Isi-Greek "phobia"Lithetha ukungathandeki ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasempilweni, kunye neendlela zokuvavanyelwa isifo sengqondo sokukhubazeka komzimba kubandakanya ukubetheka kakhulu, ukungabi nantsingiselo, ukungafanelekanga nokusoloko uloyiko lwento okanye imeko ethile, kunye nomnqweno olandelayo wokuziqhelanisa nawo. Igama elithi "ubungqingili" alizifikeleli ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kuba:
(a) abantu abaneempawu ezichasene nobungqingili bathathela ingqalelo impembelelo zabo ezimbi kubanikazi bezesini kunye nabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nobungqingili njengesiqhelo kwaye kufanelekile;
(b) ngokungafaniyo ne-phobias yokwenyani, "ubungqingili" ayisi beki mngcipheko ekusebenzeni kwabantu abanesimo sengqondo sokulwa ubungqingili;
(c) "abantu abathandana nabantu abangabananzondo" ababi namava ngokwasemphefumlweni ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuziphatha engalunganga kwaye abaziva isidingo sokuzigxotha;
(d) kwi-phobias, ukuthintela iimeko okanye izinto kunxulunyaniswa nokoyika kwabo, lo gama "ukuthintela ubungqingili" ukunxulunyaniswa kunganxulunyaniswa noloyiko, kodwa ngenxa yokucekiseka okusebenzayo kwaye kungadityaniswa nobundlongondlongo.
Ke ngoko, igama elithi "ukubulala abantu ababhinqileyo" alanelanga kwaye alinasizathu, kuba lijolise ikakhulu kwimeko nganye, ukungahoyi icandelo lenkcubeko kunye neengcambu zentlalo yokunganyamezelani.

Iimpapasho zenzululwazi zisebenzisa igama elichanekileyo, "i-homonegativism," ukuchaza isimo sengqondo esingathandekiyo ngobufanasini, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezaziwayo, ayizange ivele kwintetho yemihla ngemihla.

Abanye babameli boluntu lobufanasini benza le nto ibizwa ngokuba "yi-psychoanalytic hypothesis" ukuchaza "ukubulala abantu besini esinye", ngokokutsho ukuthambekisa ukuthambekela kobungqingili bomntu phantsi kwempembelelo yeendlela zokukhusela zokwenza "ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo" kuguqukela ekubeni yinkcaso. Ukubhalwa kwale hypothesis ayisiyo kaFreud, njengoko kukholelwa ngendlela ephosakeleyo, kodwa kunjingalwazi waseBrithani ososayensi nobungqingili uDonald West, owathi kwi-1977 wakubiza "ubufanasini." Amatshantliziyo angama-gay ngoko nangoko aqala ukusebenzisa isityholo “sobufanasini” kwi-rhetoric yabo ukuze badideke abo babachasayo.

Incwadi esele ikhankanyiwe yabaphembeleli abathandana nesini seHarvard, echaza iindlela zokutshintsha isimo sentlalo ukuya kubufanasini, inika umzekelo wentengiso yentlalo yoluntu lwe-LGBT ngesihloko esithi "ubufanasini bokwabelana ngesini" ngengcaciso yecebo:

Umzekelo wentengiso yentlalo evela kwistudiyo saseMelika se80's ngamagqabantshintshi ngababhali.

Ukuba ukufumanisa kunzima ukufumana isiphoso kubantu abathandana besisini esinye, ke oogqirha bengqondo banenkcazo yakho ... ubufanasini obufihlakeleyo.
Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, likho ixesha apho abantu babenokufihla inkanuko yabo yokwabelana ngesondo, bahlasela kakhulu abanye abantu abathandana nabo. Kodwa ixesha lidlulile. Ngoku, ngokucinezela izitabane, uzisa ukrokrela ngokwakho. Ke kungcono uqhubeke malunga neshishini lakho ukuze abanye bangacingi ukuba ishishini lakho libonisa ubufanasini!
ISICWANGCISO: Stifle Homophobia kwaye ukhuphe amandla ekulandeleni izitabane, udibanisa oku nobungqingili. Yenza abafundi bathule bathandabuze ezabo izizathu zokuba bathandane. Benze ukuba bakholelwe ukuba ukubonakalisa ubungqingili kunokubakhokelela ekuvunyweni luluntu, kodwa ukuba neentloni zobuqu kunye nokulahleka kwesikhundla.
INDLELA YOKUZIPHATHA Umntu unokucinga ukuba esi sibhengezo sijolise kwii-thugs kunye nee-bullies ezivela kwinkampu yeentshaba ezingafumanekiyo. Izibhengezo ezinjalo ziya kubenza bazole phantsi kwexesha, kodwa eyona njongo iphambili kukungaqiniseki. Ukuba intengiso enjalo iyangqineka iyasebenza, abagxeki bayakuqala ukubuhlola ubuzwe babo. Ngaphaya koko, umfanekiso obonakalayo wentengiso uyaqhubeka ukubonakalisa ukungathandabuzeki kwabantu, ukubadibanisa nokusongela ubhendi - elinye iqela elingaqhelekanga labangaphandle.

Ngokwemvelo, le hypothesis ayinasiseko sesayensi kwaye iyimveliso yefilosofi emiselweyo, eyamkelwe yidemogogue. Kuphela ku-1996 yayililinge lokuqala lokudibanisa "ubungqingili" kunye "nokulalana kwabantu besini esinye" kwenziwa ngamandla, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zophononongo beziphikisanayo, kwaye izifundo ezili-12 ezalandela zashiya ukuthandabuza ngokusilela kwe- "psychoanalytic hypothesis".

Siza kuhlalutya kuphela isifundo sikaHenry Adams, esithe ngexesha elinye senza iindaba ezibalaseleyo kwimithombo yeendaba. Ama-Adams abonakalisa iividiyo ezibonisa amanyala zesimo esingafaniyo nesobungqingili kumaqela amabini amadoda, achazwa ngokwemeko "njengabanobungqingili" kunye "nabasekhaya". Iimpendulo zabo ngokwasemzimbeni kwisikhuthazo sezesondo zalinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-penile plethysmography (ukufundwa kwayo, nangona, kuthathwa njengokungathembeki kwaye kungamkelwa enkundleni). Impendulo ethile ye-erectile kwi-plots zamadoda athandana nabantu abatshatileyo yabonwa kwi-54% kwiqela le- "homophobes", nakwi-24% kwiqela "lokungezizo ezabantu abathandana nabo". U-Adams ukholelwa ukuba le datha iyahambelana kunye ne-psychoanalytic hypothesis, kodwa kwangaxeshanye uqaphela ukuba izibonakaliso ezifanelekileyo zephallometric xa ujonga ubungqingili bokuthandana kwabantu abalingani abubonisi ubufanasini, kuba kuyaziwa ukuba uxinzelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezingalunganga zonyusa ukucaphuka kunye nokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kubandakanya ipenis .. studies kwizifundo zeMunich Psychiatry Centre, umzekelo, impendulo erectile kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo ezingezizo ezizodwa, kubandakanya nentlungu RP G unditsho ngenja ofayo, yabonwa e 45% (!) Abathathi-nxaxheba. Ke ngoko, utshintsho ekunikezelweni kwegazi ukuya kwisini sinokuvela kwimeko yoyikiso kunye namanye amava angahambelani nokuvuselela ngokwesondo. Kuba amadoda "e-Homophobic", imifanekiso engamanyala athandana nabantu abathandana nabantu besini esinye inokubangela uvakalelo olungalunganga, ke impendulo yabo eyandileyo ye-erectile iya kuba yinto exela kwangaphambili. I-Adams ikwaphawula ukuba amaxabiso okuqanjwa kwiqela "lokungahoywa ekhaya" isezantsi kwaye ayifani neqela "lokungabinamntu mntu", kwaye ichaza isidingo sophando oluthe kratya ngeendlela eziqinisekileyo ezibandakanya ukubonwa kwengqondo, ukuvumelana, kunye nokuziphatha. Izifundo ezinjalo zenziwe kwixa elizayo, kodwa iziphumo zabo azixhasanga i-psychoanalytic hypothesis ye-homonegativism .

Inkqubo yokuzivikela emzimbeni

Isimo sengqondo esingathandekiyo ngobufanasini sichazwa ngokulula Inkqubo yokuziphepha emzimbeni - BIS (Inkqubo yokuziphatha yamajoni omzimba). Le nkqubo iseti yokuphendula okusekwe kwimo yokungathandeki, enjongo yayo ikukukhusela umntu kumthombo osulelayo wosulelo. Ke, ngokwemvelo siziva singathandekiyo kubantu abalungisiweyo, sizama ukuhlala kude nokuphuma emzimbeni, ukubola nokunye. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwindlela oziphethe ngayo kunye nokubonakala kwayo kunokuba luphawu lwento.

Ubukho benkqubo yokuziphatha yomzimba yokuzikhusela ichazwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. Ukuba umntu othile kwipakethi ngequbuliso uqalisa ukubonisa ukungaziphathi kunye nokuziphatha okungathathelwanga, ke izalamane ziqala ukuphepha, kuba oku kungabangelwa sisifo esosulelayo. Umntu onjalo ulindele ukohlukaniswa, ukugxothwa, okanye ukuphindezelwa.

Abantu abangamaqela angaqhelekanga ahlukileyo kwinkangeleko kunye nokubonisa iipateni zokuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga kubonwa njengabaphetheyo beepathole. Emva kokwamkelwa kwaba bantu, amajoni omzimba okuziphatha ayasebenza kwaye ukuthambekiswa kwendalo kuyaphakanyiswa.

Olunye ulwabelana ngesondo kunye nabo banokuba ngamaqabane esini nabo babangela amanyala. Kuba ukunxibelelana ngesondo kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokosuleleka, ezo ntlobo zonxibelelwano ezinokuthi zikhuphe kuphela umntu kwi-pathogen ngaphandle kokuthembisa nayiphi na impumelelo yokuzala kubangela ukuchasana ngokwesondo kunye nentiyo.

Nanku umzekelo wamava am obonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba imeko yokuziphatha yokomzimba yokuzikhusela iyenzeka. Malunga ne-10 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kwiforum yomculo waseNtshona, umntu waseJamani wathumela ividiyo yomculo ohlekisayo ngomyalezo wothando komnye othatha inxaxheba kwisini esinye. Wonke umntu wayehlekisa ngayo, kwaye ulutsha oluneminyaka eli-10 lwe-15 olusuka eIndiya, olungazange lweva ngobungqingili, lwalungenakuyiqonda kakuhle ukuba ithini. Xa mna, ngaphandle kokungena zinkcukacha, ndamcacisela ukuba akhona amadoda athanda amanye amadoda kubafazi, impendulo yakhe yokuqala yile: "Fu, kodwa kuyacekiseka!" Nceda uqaphele ukuba le mpendulo ayibangelwa lucalucalulo okanye Isimo sengqondo sangaphambili esingathandekiyo sabanye, kwaye siqhubekile ngokuchanekileyo kwimvakalelo yangaphakathi.

Uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba amanyala yinto ephambili yesimo esingesihle kuphela kungekuko kubufanasini, kodwa nakwimbono ye-LGBT ngokwayo, eqondwa njengesoyikiso yosulelo (zombini eyosulelayo kunye neyokuziphatha), egqithiswa njengeentsholongwane. izizathu. Umlingisi odumileyo u-Irina Alferova xelela:

Asiyonyani ukuba azichaphazeli abantu abaqhelekileyo. Xa ndandifunda eGITIS, utitshala wethu wayelifanasini. Umntu odume kakhulu. Abantu beza kuye bevela kulo lonke elaseRussia bezokufunda, kwakukho amakhwenkwe amaninzi avela kwiintsapho ezilula zabantsundu - amadoda aqhelekileyo. Ekupheleni kwekhosi, yonke ikhosi yajika ya luhlaza.

Kwaye nangona abenzeli besini gay benogwebu emlonyeni bayakuphikisa oko "Uqhelwaniso nolwaziso aluguqukanga kwaye akukho mntu unokwenziwa ubufanasini", hayi kuphela ubulumko behlabathi, kodwa nesayensi uphando kungqina okuchasene noko. Umphandi waseDatshi uchaza iimeko apho amadoda angamadoda angatshatanga abe neentlobano zesini esinye ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokulukuhla.

Isishoshovu sase-American Lesbian u-Camilla Paglia kwincwadi yakhe IiVampu kunye neTramp ubhala oku kulandelayo:

Yinto ehlekisayo ukuthi ubungqingili banomdla kwezinye iintlobo zesini kwaye soze benze amehlo athe ngqo kwimibukiso. Xa ndisiva le nto kumabonwakude, ndaphantse ndaphuma ndihleka. Wonke umntu oya kwiklabhu yokomelela uyazi kakuhle. Ukudibana kwezesondo kunye nokujonga izimvo zizinto ezikhoyo, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo abangayeki ukuzama "ukuthatha" wonke umntu kwicandelo lakhe lokujonga. Ukutsalwa kwabantu abathe tye yenye yezona njongo ziphambili kwi-gay porn.

Ngokweziko lophando YouGov "Abathandani abalingani abathandanayo" phakathi kwamaBritons aphakathi kweminyaka ye-18 kunye ne-24 sisiqingatha esilinganayo phakathi kwabantu abadala (i-46% xa kuthelekiswa ne-88%). Esi sikhewu sobudala ekuzaziseni isini sisiphumo ngqo sobuxoki besini esithandanayo, ezijolise ikakhulu kubantu abancinci.

Bhiyozela iSodomy. Iifoto ezivela kumsitho woluntu we-LGBT.

Uhlolisiso olwenziwe liZiko leLondon lezeMpilo kunye neTropiki yaseLondon lubonelela ngoluhlu lwezifo ezosulelayo nezibangela ukuphenduka, kubandakanya isifo sikagawulayo, isifo sokuqaqanjelwa sisisu kunye nehepatitis. zidibene ngendlela yokuphila yobungqingili.

Ezi zizifo ezinxulunyaniswa nendlela yokuphila yobungqingili.

Ke, ukuthobela ubungqingili yindlela yendalo ekhusela umntu kunye noluntu kwisifo kunye nokuwohloka kwesimilo. Kwinqanaba lokutshintsha koluntu ukuba lube yimo yentlalontle, imisebenzi yesikizi nayo yasasazeka kwinqanaba lentlalontle, elalibonakaliswa kukucekecekiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ezimbi kunye nokucalucalulwa kwabantu abophula umthetho wezithethe zentlalo. izenzo ezigwenxa noluntu oluzisebenzisayo, luzama ukuwucinezela umsebenzi wale ndlela yendalo.

Ngubani owenza oku kwaye kutheni - isihloko elinye inqaku.