Ama-antibodies ama-antisperm (ASA) - ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba womuntu ngokumelene nesidoda sama-antigen (I-Krause 2017: 109) Ukwakheka kwe-ASA kungenye yezizathu zokuncipha kokuzala noma i-autoimmune inzalo: I-ASA ithinta umsebenzi we-spermatozoa, shintsha inkambo yokusabela kwe-acrosomal reaction (AR), futhi iphazamise umanyolo, ukufakwa kanye nokukhula kombungu (I-restrepo 2013) imbangela ukuhlukana kwe-DNA (I-Kirilenko 2017) Ucwaningo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezilwane zikhombise ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ASA nokuqothuka kwe-umbungu ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokufakwa (I-Krause 2017: 164) Imiphumela yokuvimbela inzalo ye-ASA iyaphenywa ngesikhathi kusungulwa umuthi wokugomela inzalo kubantu (I-Krause 2017: 251), kanye nokunciphisa nokulawula inani lezilwane zasendle (I-Krause 2017: 268).

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ngaphansi kwesibhengezo 'senkinga yokugcwala kwabantu', umhlaba ubuphethwe umkhankaso wenkohliso womhlaba wonke ohlose ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuzala kanye nokunciphisa inani labantu. Emazweni athuthukile iningi, isilinganiso sokuzalwa sesivele sehle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezinga lokuzala okulula kwesibalo sabantu, futhi isibalo sabantu asebekhulile silingana nenani lezingane noma lidlula ngisho lelo. Umshado uya ngokuya uphela ngesehlukaniso bese uthathelwa indawo ngokuhlalisana. Izindaba ezingaphandle kobungqingili, ubungqingili kanye ne-transgender phenomena bathole isimo sokuphambili. Ukususwa kweningi, hhayi "okwenganekwane" waba iqiniso elisha lomhlaba.