Kodi "Homophobia" ndi chinyengo?

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V. Lysov
Imelo: science4truth@yandex.ru
Zambiri mwa zinthu zotsatirazi zimasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala yowunikiridwa ndi ophunzira. Kafukufuku amakono azovuta zamagulu, 2018; Voliyumu 9, No.8: 66 - 87: V. Lysov: "Kuyimitsidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mawu akuti" Homophobia "pokamba za sayansi ndi pagulu”.
DOI: 10.12731/2218-7405-2018-8-66-87.

Zotsatira Zofunikira

(1) Maganizo otsutsa pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha samakwaniritsa njira yozindikira ya phobia monga lingaliro la psychopathological. Palibe lingaliro loti "Homophobia", ndi mawu andale.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "homophobia" pantchito zasayansi kutanthauza chiwonetsero chonse chazovuta zogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sizolondola. Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "Homophobia" kukutsutsa pakati pa malingaliro osatsutsika pakati pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kutengera zikhulupiriro ndi njira zowonetsera ukali, kusintha malingaliro oyanjana ndikuyamba kuchita nkhanza.
(3) Ofufuzawo adawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kugulitsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ndi njira yotsutsa yomwe anthu omwe sakuvomereza kuti akhale ndi moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma omwe samvera chidani kapena samachita mantha ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
(4) Kuphatikiza pa zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo, maziko okhala ndi malingaliro oyipa pazakugonana, mwachidziwikire, ndi chitetezo chamthupi - kwachilengedwe kunyansidwaanakonza munjira ya kusinthika kwaumunthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti ukhondo wabwino kwambiri ndi kubereka bwino.

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Chithandizo cha zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zisanachitike zolondola zandale

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Milandu yambiri yothandiza kuchiritsa kwa anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kukopa akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku akatswiri. Nenani Bungwe la National Association for the Study and Therapy of kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha likuwonetsa mwachidule umboni wopatsa chidwi, malipoti azachipatala ndi kafukufuku kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka pano, zomwe zimatsimikizira motsimikiza kuti abambo ndi amayi omwe ali ndi chidwi atha kusintha kuchokera pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kupita amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Nyengo isanakhale yolondola pandale, zinali zodziwika bwino zasayansi, zomwe ndi zaulere analemba atolankhani apakati. Ngakhale American Psychiatric Association, kupatula kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pamndandanda wazovuta zamaganizidwe mu 1974, adalemba, izo "Njira zamakono zamankhwala zimalola gawo lalikulu la ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akufuna kusintha malingaliro awo kuti atero".

Kutanthauzira kumatsatira zolemba kuchokera ku New York Times ya 1971.

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Chithandizo cha akazi okhaokha

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Dokotala wanzeru, psychoanalyst ndi MD, Edmund Bergler adalemba mabuku a 25 pa psychology ndi 273 m'magazini otsogolera akatswiri. Mabuku ake amakhala ndi mitu monga kakulidwe ka ana, ma neurosis, zovuta zam'banja, mavuto aukwati, njuga, kudziwononga, komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Bergler adadziwika kuti anali katswiri wa nthawi yake pankhani ya kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Otsatirawa ndi zochuluka kuchokera kuntchito yake.

Mabuku aposachedwa komanso zopangidwa poyesera zayesa kufotokoza amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati osasangalala omwe akuyenera kuwachitira chifundo. Chidandaulo cha tiziwalo tamatumbo tachuma ndizosathandiza: amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthawi zonse amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamisala ndikuchiritsidwa ngati akufuna. Koma kusazindikira kwa anthu ambiri kuli ponseponse pankhaniyi, ndipo kupusitsa kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pongoganiza za iwo okha ndiwothandiza kwambiri kwakuti ngakhale anthu anzeru omwe sanabadwe dzulo anagwa chifukwa cha nyambo.

Zochitika zaposachedwa kwambiri zamaganizidwe ndi kufufuza kwatsimikizira kuti chiyembekezo chosasinthika cha anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (nthawi zina chimafotokozedwanso chifukwa cha kupezeka kwachilengedwe ndi mahomoni) kwenikweni ndikugawanitsa kwa mitsempha. Chiyembekezo chazovuta zam'mbuyomu pang'onopang'ono zikusowa: masiku ano ma psychothernamic malangizo omwe amawongolera amatha kuchiritsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Mwa kuchiritsa, ndikutanthauza:
1. kusowa chidwi kwathunthu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi;
2. chisangalalo chabwinobwino chakugonana;
3. kusintha kwamakhalidwe.

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Therapygration Therapy - Kusintha Ndikotheka

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Kanema wathunthu mu Chingerezi

Kuyambira nthawi yamasinthidwe azakugonana, malingaliro azokhudza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha asintha kwambiri. Masiku ano, kwa amuna omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku West, nkhondoyi ikuwoneka kuti yapambana: magulu azitabane, azigololo, gay ukwati. Tsopano "gay ndi zabwino." Zilango zoyendetsera milandu komanso milandu yomwe inali isanachitike imayembekezera iwo omwe amatsutsa anthu a LGBT, limodzi ndi zilembo zamtundu woyipa ndi zapanyumba.

Kulekerera komanso kuvomerezeka kwa ufulu wogonana kumagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse kupatulapo gawo limodzi lokhala anthu - omwe akufuna kusiya kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikuyamba moyo wosakwatirana. Amuna ndi akazi awa amakhala ndi malingaliro ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha koma safuna kuvomereza kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okha. Amakhulupirira kuti kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikuimira chikhalidwe chawo chenicheni ndipo amafuna kupulumutsidwa.

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"Homophobia" sikuti kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha

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Ku Russia, monganso m'maiko ena ambiri, gawo lalikulu la anthu ali ndi malingaliro osasunthika pakuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omwe olemba ena amawatcha "homonegativism" kapena "Homophobia". Zilipo malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana kudziletsa. Otchedwa. "Psychoanalytic hypothesis", yomwe imakhala ndi lingaliro loti malingaliro osatsutsika a anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakuwonetsa machitidwe a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi chifukwa chakukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mwanjira ina, tanthauzo la zonenedwazo limatha kusinthidwa kukhala losavuta: Mawu awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu azokometsa omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakukambirana kwapagulu pamutu wokhudza kugonana kosakhudzana ndi thupi komanso malo ake mdziko la Russia. Zimagwira ntchito ndi osagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikiza, mafilimu, makanema apa TV, pa intaneti. Opanga mauthenga abodza a Harvard mwachindunji gwiritsani ntchito mkangano uwu kuchititsa manyazi otsutsa.

Ntchito yasayansilofalitsidwa mu magazini yotchedwa World of Science, yomwe idawunikira mofalitsa za 12 zofalitsa za "psychoanalytic hypothesis", zikutsimikizira kuti zonena kuti "kugonana kwa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" sikunayambira sayansi.

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Wikipedia ndi chiyani?

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Wikipedia ndi amodzi mwa malo ochezera pa intaneti omwe amapezeka kwambiri, omwe amadzionetsa ngati "encyclopedia" ndipo amavomerezedwa ndi ambiri omwe si akatswiri komanso ana asukulu ngati gwero losatsutsika la chowonadi. Malowa adayambitsidwa mu 2001 ndi wochita bizinesi waku Alabama wotchedwa Jimmy Wales. Asanakhazikitse tsamba la Wikipedia, a Jimmy Wales adapanga pulogalamu ya pa intaneti ya Bomis, yomwe imagawa zolaula, zomwe amayesetsa kuzichotsa mu mbiri yake (Hansen xnumx; Kuphunzitsa xnumx).

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti Wikipedia ndiyodalirika chifukwa aliyense akhoza kuisintha, koma zoona zake kuti tsamba lino lipereka lingaliro la owerenga omwe amalimbikira komanso olemba nthawi zonse, ena mwa iwo (makamaka pamavuto amtsutso) ndi omenyera ufulu wofuna kusintha malingaliro a anthu. . Ngakhale boma lili ndi mfundo zandale, Wikipedia ili ndi ufulu wokonda kuchita zachiwerewere komanso mosakondera. Kuphatikiza apo, Wikipedia imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabungwe omwe amalipira pagulu komanso akatswiri owongolera mbiri omwe amachotsa zodetsa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi makasitomala awo ndikupereka malingaliro okondera. Ngakhale kusintha koteroko sikuloledwa, Wikipedia sichita zochepa kutsatira malamulo ake, makamaka kwa omwe amapereka ndalama zambiri.

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