Ubungqingili besetyhini baziwa ngokuba yi-lesbianism (ngaphantsi kwe-sapphism, i-tribadism). Eli gama livela kwigama lesiqithi saseGrisi i-Lesbos, apho wazalelwa khona wafumana isafobe saseGrisi samandulo, kwiivesi apho kukho iingcebiso zothando phakathi kwabafazi. Xa kuthelekiswa ubungqingili bendoda, ubufanasini bufundisiwe. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo phakathi kwabasetyhini, ngokobunjani babo, abunakonakalisi kangako kwaye kubandakanya iingxaki ezincinci, kwaye ke akukho sidingo sithe ngqo sokukhokelela kwiinzame zophando kule ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwinto encinci eyaziwayo malunga nabasetyhini abangena kubudlelwane besini esifanayo, umfanekiso awuyiloo nto umnyama. Abafazi abathandana abathandanayo kunye nabathandanayo basengozini enkulu yokubandezeleka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokubonisa inani lemiba enxulumene nendlela yabo yokuphila: ubudlelwane bexesha elifutshane, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala, icuba kunye neziyobisi, ubundlobongela beqabane kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wosulelo lwe-STD. Amadoda athandana nabantu abathandanayo, phantsi Umngcipheko wokukhula koxinzelelo kunye nomhlaza wamabele, и rhoqo Xela ubukho besifo samathambo, i-asthma, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukubetha, inani elonyukayo lezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nempilo enkenenkene ngokubanzi.

Etiology
I-Lesbianism nguD. Nicolosi
I-Lesbianism ngu-A. Sigler-Smaltz
I-Lesbianism ngu-E. Bergler
Izibalo
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nee-STD
Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neziyobisi
Ubudlova
Umhlaza kunye nokukhuluphala
Amandla okutshintsha

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Etiology

Umahluko kufuneka wenziwe phakathi kokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye nomtsalane wobufanasini, kuba enye ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ikhatshwe yenye. Iimvakalelo zobufanasini umtsalane ihlala iluphawu lwepsychology yengqondo, ngelixa amafanasini ukuziphatha ayihambi kunye nomtsalane wobufanasini kwaye, ke, ayikuvumeli ukugqitywa malunga nobukho bengqondo kunyango. Izizathu ezikhokelela umntu ophilileyo ngokwengqondo ukuba enze imisebenzi yesondo kunye nesini sabo zahluke kakhulu. Banokunxiba faka endaweni Ukuba iqabane lesini esahlukileyo alinakufikeleleka, ukuba lenziwe ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, Iminqweno yokuzingcainkanuko egqithileyo kwaye ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesinikodwa kwangaxeshanye uhluthwe amava kunye neemvakalelo zobufanasini. Amanye amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo, ephantsi kwempembelelo yejelo losasazo, ngoku athatha isigqibo sokuba angabenzi besini kuba engakaze abenamava okusondelana namadoda kwaye azive ekhululekile xa esebenzisana nabasetyhini. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuzigxeka ngokungxama nangokuphosakeleyo, kuba nawuphi na umntu ongafaniyo nomntu wesini esahlukileyo unembono enkulu yokuthembana, ukusondelana nokuqonda kunye nabahlobo bakhe kunamadoda. Ukongeza, sele iyinto ethandekayo kubantu abancinci ukubhengeza ukuba “bisexeness”, kwaye amanye amantombazana alinga ngesini sabo ngakumbi ngenxa yendlela yenkcubeko. Iziqendu ezinjalo azinamdla kweli nqaku: liza kugxila kubufanasini, kubonakaliswa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye kunzima ukoyisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lude lube nomtsalane kwisini esinye. Ubukho bomdla onjalo emntwini bubonisa ukuba kwinkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwakhe ngokwesini kwenzeka isiganeko esiphazamise ikhosi yakhe eqhelekileyo kwaye sathintela ukufezekiswa kwinqanaba lokugqibela - ubungqingili. Ngale ndlela ikhuselwe iimvakalelo zobungqingili luphawu lokungazinzi kwiimvakalelo kunye ne-neurosis.

Siza kwenza isincinci esincinci sokuqonda ukuze siqonde ngcono ukuba yintoni eyenza i-neurosis kwimbonakalo yengqondo yengqondo. Edmund Bergler emsebenzini wakhe "I-Neurosis esisiseko" ichaza i-neurosis njenge "sichronistic (i.e., engahambelani nesi sifo sangoku) ngakwazi", Esekwe kungquzulwano lweminqweno yobuNtu, uloyiko, ityala kunye nesenzo iindlela zokukhusela... Ngamanye amagama, sithetha malunga nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphakathi, okubonakaliswe kukungaziphathi kakuhle kunye nokuzonakalisa, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukunxibelelana nenyani (nangona ukuqonda kwayo kunokugqwetha kakhulu). Amava ezonyango abonisa ukuba i-neurosis iqhubeka kuphela kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Unobangela we-neurosis ungaphandle okanye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangela umvandedwa wengqondo, othi emva koko unyanzelwe ungabikho zingqondweni. Kwimeko yokutsala abantu besini esifanayo, oku kunokuba kukuxhaphaza, ukucinga okanye ukwaliwa ngokwenene ngoontanga okanye ngabazali, ukungakwazi ukwenza ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nabantu besini esinye. Isigulana asiwazi umxholo wengxwabangxwaba, kwaye kuphela kukuzikhusela okungahambelaniyo nengxaki ecinezelweyo kubonakala ngaphezulu. I-neurotic ihlala ijonge umntu okanye iimeko ezivumela amava kwakhona kwipateni yakhe ye-neurotic. Unokuthelekiswa nendoda ephethe irekhodi legramafoni kuyo yonke indawo kwaye ngokungapheliyo ijonge itrustable apho ingadlala khona kuphela irekhodi layo - eyona nto iphambili kuyo engazi nto.

Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba inokwenzeka всех abantu banemikhwa ye-neurotic, kodwa ayizizo zonke ezandisiweyo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kwenzeke i-neurosis. Le yingxaki yobungakanani, hayi umgangatho (nangona, njengoko uHegel watshoyo, umzuzu ungafika xa ubungakanani bujika bube kumgangatho). Umahluko oqiqayo phakathi komntu oqhelekileyo nongumchaphazeli kukuba umntu wangaphambili woyise ukungqubana kobuntwana bakhe ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu kwaye une umbono oqinisekileyo ngokwenyani, ngelixa eli lokugqibela lixhaphaza into yokwenyani ukuba angaphindi azazi iimbambano zakhe zobuntwana.

I-Lesbianism nguD. Nicolosi

Njengomseki woMbutho weSizwe woFundo loBungqingili uyacacisa, uGqr. UJoseph NicolosiOwona mbambano uphambili wobufanasini kukungamkelwa kweentombi ngokungazi nto ngobufazi bayo. Rhoqo, ukwaliwa kusekwe kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okuthintela ukusekwa konxibelelwano nomama ngexesha elibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwesazisi sobufazi. Nokuba intombazana ayibonisi indlela yokuziphatha eyindoda, kulungile, uya kuhlala eneempawu zongquzulwano ngokwesini. Ngamanye amaxesha, amantombazana ajika ekuthandeni abantu abathandana nabathandana nabathandana nabathandanayo, athatha isigqibo sokuba ubufazi abuthandeki okanye abukhuselekanga. Abanye oomama ngokungazi bazisa iintombi zabo ngomfanekiso ongathandekiyo wobufazi, bezisa into ebuthathaka okanye engalunganga yokuchongwa. Ngokwala oomama njengento yokwazisa, amantombazana ayabalahla ubufazi obenziwe ngoonina. Umzekelo, ukujonga umama othobekileyo, anyamezele ngokuthotywa kunye nobundlobongela obuvela endodeni, intombazana ngokungenasigqibo ithatha isigqibo: "ukuba oku kuthetha ukuba ngumfazi, andifuni kuba njalo." Ngamanye amaxesha impendulo efanayo ibangelwa kukuphathwa gadalala ngokwesondo yindoda isencinci. Ngokombono wentombazana, ubufazi bayo ngandlel 'ithile buxhokonxa ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kwaye, ke ngoko, ukuze ikhuseleke, intombazana ibona kufanelekile ukuba ishiye inxalenye yayo yobufazi "enengxaki". Abasetyhini abaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye abadlwengulwa ebuntwaneni nasebusheni phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba bathembele emadodeni. Ke ngoko, banokujikela kubafazi ukoneliseka yimfuno yothando kunye neminqweno yesini.

Rhoqo, abo bafazi banesimilo esifanelekileyo sendoda kunye nokubonakala. Le yindlela yakudala yokuphila kwengqondo, elingana nengxelo: “Ukuba umntu uyandikhubekisa, ndiza kuba njengaye - ukuze ndingonzakalisi. Ndibe phakathi kwabalawuli. Amantombazana amaninzi aneengxaki zesini axakeke ngamandla, ukuba ndlongondlongo, kunye nemibono apho adlala khona indima yokhuselo. Ebudaleni, abo bafazi banokuziqhelanisa ne-sadomasochism, ulawulo, okanye umxholo "wesikhumba". Ezi zinto zenziwa zikhuphe ukungangqinelani komtsalane-ukuphindisela ukungqubana kwimicimbi yesini. Intombazana engazichazanga kunye nomama wayo icinezela umsindo ngakuye, kuba, kwelinye icala, uyamfuna, kwaye kwelinye icala, wenzakalisiwe nguye.

Abanye abantu abathandana nabathandana nabafazi ababa buhlungu kangako kukungaphumeleli kwinkqubo yokuchongwa, kodwa ngenxa yesidingo esingakhathalelwanga sokukhathalelwa. Abafazi abanjalo banesidingo esingazi nto sokubuyisela unxibelelwano obuthathaka nonina, lo mntu bayifumene komnye umfazi. Umtsalane wobudlelwane bezesini kulele kwinto yokuba umfazi "uzele" kwaye unxibelelene nenxalenye yakhe ekwanyanzelekileyo ukuba ayeke - ubufazi bakhe. Uhlobo luboleka komnye umfazi, kodwa indlela enje yokuphelisa ingxaki ayizisi kuphiliswa emphefumlweni. Ukudibana nomnye umfazi kunika kuphela ubugqwetha bokugcina ingqibelelo, ekufuneka buxhaswe rhoqo ziindlela ezinzima zokuzikhohlisa kunye nokugqwetha okwenyani.

I-Lesbianism ngu-A. Sigler-Smaltz

Ugqirha uAndria Sigler-Smaltz, owayesakuba ngamadoda athandana ngokwesini, ngoku utshatile, uyachaza Uhlobo lobudlelwane bezesini.

Isithandwa sithanda abantu besini sayo ukwanelisa iminqweno yakhe engazi kwaye esoyika unxibelelwano olusondeleyo nomntu wesini esahlukileyo. Kwi-lesbianism, umfazi "unamathele" kuphuhliso kwaye ke akanako ukuqhubela phambili kwi-heterosexuality. Xa kanye kanye kwaye kwenzeka njani ukuba ukwaphulwa kophuhliso olusempilweni, kumisela inqanaba leengxaki zalo kunye nesazisi.

Amandla okuqhuba kubudlelwane bezesini kukungabikho konxibelelwano lweemvakalelo kunye nenkxalabo kwisini sabo, ethi, njengommiselo, ingabelani ngesondo njengakobufanasini. Omnye umthengi, eqonda ukuba ubudlelwane bakhe ngokwesini baphinda baphinde babenemfuno yothando lobufazi, wandichazela:

Xa ndidibana nebhinqa endinomdla kulo, kukho into engaphakathi kum ethi: "Ngaba uza kuba ngumama wam?" Olu luvakalelo olunamandla olungenakuthintelwa apho andinakwenza nantoni na. Ngequbuliso ndiziva ndimncinci. Ndifuna ukuba andiphawule, ndifuna ukuba kukhethekileyo kuye, kwaye lo mnqweno ubambe ingcinga yam.

Abanye abantu abathandana nabathandanayo bafumana iimvakalelo ezingalunganga kunye neengxabano zangaphakathi kunye namadoda, ezinegalelo ekungakwazi kwabo ukwamkela ubungqingili. Ngapha koko, ezinye zazo zibonisa ngokungqongqo ubufazi, apho amabhinqa abonwa ezinesiphiwo kwaye enqwenelekayo, ngelixa amadoda abonwa njengaphantsi, isini esikhobokisayo kwaye engenamsebenzi. Ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga ukuba abantu basetyhini abaye babandakanyeka kwindlela yokuphila yesini ixesha elide baqala ukufumana ukwenyanya okukhulayo kubudlelwane besini esahlukileyo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi kukuba isini kunye nomtsalane wesini ayisiyiyo eyona nto iphambili kubudlelwane bezesini. Kwabasetyhini abathandana abathandanayo, "umtsalane ngokweemvakalelo" udlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kunomdla wesondo. Amatyala esabelana ngesondo njengento ebaluleke kakhulu enxulumene nento yokuba ufuzisela ulwalamano olusondeleyo kwiimvakalelo.

I-Lesbians ihlala iva imvakalelo "Andinakuphila ngaphandle kwakho" ngokunxulumene nomnye. Kwisiqalo sokuqala, kukho ukubakho kokuncamathela okuqinileyo kolu lwalamano, kodwa ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kubonakalisa isimilo esibonisa umxokelelwane obuthathaka ogcwele uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo. Iimpikiswano eziphambili ziyavela kwimixholo ephindaphindiweyo enxulumene nokwenziwa kwesazisi. Umzekelo, sibona uloyiko lokulahlwa kunye / okanye ukuthathwa, umzabalazo wolawulo kunye namandla (okanye isiphithiphithi), kunye nomnqweno wokudibana nomnye umntu ukufumana imvakalelo yokhuseleko nokubaluleka.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabasetyhini bukhula ngakumbi kubodwa ekuhlaleni ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka, kwaye ayiqhelekanga into yokuba isibini esithandanayo sinciphise ukunxibelelana namalungu osapho okanye izihlobo zakudala. Ukusuka kude okunjalo kubonelela ngolawulo kwiqabane, kuthintele ukuzimela kwalo, kwaye kusebenza njengokukhuselwa kwizityholo zokutyeshelwa kumanyano lwabo olungenamandla.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubudlelwane bezesini zihlala zinde kunezamadoda, zihlala zizaliswe ziinkxalabo zokomoya kwaye zibambelele “encamathiseleni” wobukhwele *, ekufumaneni amandla okuxhaphaza nakwimpazamo ezininzi. Kwezi ndlela, iimvakalelo ziphakame kakhulu, kwaye iingxabano zande kakhulu. Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye, ukutsala umnxeba rhoqo, ukunikwa okungafaniyo kwamakhadi okanye izipho, Ukuhamba ngokungxama phantsi kophahla olunye nokudibanisa imali - ezi zezinye zeendlela zokukhusela ukuzimela. Kobu budlelwane obunjalo, sibona ubuxoki bokuncamatheliswa okunempilo-ukuxhomekeka ngokweemvakalelo kunye nokudibanisa okugqithisileyo.

* Umona wobuthathaka wesimo sokuziphatha kwabafana abathandekayo wabonwa kumsebenzi we-Kraft-Ebbing we-1886 yonyaka "I-psychopathy yesondo": Obu buhlobo bungavunyelwanga ukuba bufane busentolongweni. Xa nje ibanjwa livile ukuba elinye ibanjwa lahlekisa ngesithandwa salo, kwabakho imbonakalo yomona ogqithileyo walwa. Oku iyaqinisekisa kunye nomphathi wentolongo yanamhlanje yabasetyhini: "Kwizibini ezinje udinga iliso kunye neliso, kuba iziphikiso ziphakathi kwazo zoyikekayo: awukhange ujonge, awuzange uncume, kwaye konke oko-bekukho iimfazwe kunye nokulwa. Bahlukane ngendlela apho wonke umntu esazi- ngezikrelemnqa kunye nokwabelana ngento yabo elula. ”  Kwaye ngokutsho komnye nqaku malunga nentolongo yabasetyhini: "Owona mboniso ubalaseleyo, unegazi, ngamanye amaxesha ude ubulale, kwenzeka ngokuchanekileyo kwiikholoni zabasetyhini kwithuba lasemva kweSoviet kwaye ikakhulu ngenxa yomona wokubi (abantu abathandanayo). 

I-Lesbianism ngu-E. Bergler

Uhlobo lobufanasini lobufazi lufana nobudoda: ungquzulwano lokungaboni ngasonye nonina wobuntwana kwasebusaneni. Kwisigaba somlomo sokuphuhliswa (iminyaka yokuqala ye-1,5 yobomi), isibini se-novice sidlula kuthotho olunzima nolwehla kunye nonina, okuthintela ukugqitywa ngempumelelo kwesi sigaba. Ubume buphikiso lweklinikhi yesini kukuba lubonisa ukungqamana kwezinto ezintathu: ubume bokujonga okungekho sesikweni, egutyungelwe yinzondo ye-pseudo, egutyungelwe luthando olugqithisileyo lothando lwommeli womfanekiso ongenasiphelo womama (i-neurotic kuphela eneemvakalelo ze-ersatz kunye neemvakalelo ubuqhuqhuva).

I-Lesbian yintsholongwane kunye noxantathu lokufihla ukungazi, okukhokelela kwimeko ebuhlungu Quiroquo, isiqhulo kumntu obukeleyo. Okokuqala, ubungqingili, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, abukho inkanuko, kodwa nobundlongondlongo Imbambano: Isiseko ukuqaqanjelwa kwengqondo I-neurotic ebanjwa ngomlomo ingxabano engalunganga engabuyiswangayo ebuyela njenge-boomerang ngenxa yesazela kwaye okwesibini kuphela ikhuselwe. Okwesibini, phantsi komgaqo wobudlelwane “bendoda nomfazi”, ubudlelwane phakathi komtshato buye umntwana nonina. Okwesithathu, ubuhlanga buye bubonise ubunyani bokwenyani; umntu ongaboniyo ubamfanyekiswa yimincili yabo yokwazi, lo gama Ngaphantsi kwayo kukho isifo se-neurosis esinganyangekiyo.

Ilizwe langaphandle, ngokungazi kwalo, libajonga abafazi abanesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, ayingabo bonke abafazi abanesibindi abanobungqingili. Kwelinye icala, umntu onesibindi onesibindi ngaphandle oxelisa amadoda kwisinxibo, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nolwalamano lubonisa ubungqangi obufihla ungquzulwano lwangempela. Umqwalaseli odidekileyo akakwazi ukuchaza isini "esivumayo" okanye ukuba izenzo zesini zesini, ezibonisa umkhombandlela ongenasidima, zijolise ikakhulu kwindawo ekuthiwa yi-cunnilingus kunye nokuncancisa ibele, kunye nokuhlanjwa kwamalungu omzimba ngesondo kubetheleleka kwi-clitoris, eyachongwa ngokungazi.

Iminyaka yam ye-30 yamava onyango abonakalise ukuba i-lesbianism inamanqanaba amahlanu: 
I-1) uthando olubonakalayo kumama; 
I-2) i-veto yesazela sangaphakathi ethintela "ukonwaba ukungathandeki"; 
I-3) ukhuselo lokuqala luthando-mbumbulu; 
I-4) i-veto ephindaphindiweyo yesazela sangaphakathi ethintela inzondo yalo naluphi na uhlobo kumbhekiso kumama;
I-5) Ukhuseleko lwesibini luthando lothando.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuchasana kobungqingili ayilulo “uthando lomntu obhinqileyo kumfazi”, kodwa luthando-lobufazi lobufazi obudalelwe i-alibi yangaphakathi angayiqondiyo. 
Olu lwakhiwo olukhuselayo kwi-lesbianism luchaza: 
a. Kutheni le nto abantu abathandana nabathandanayo ababhinqileyo babonwa ngumbambano omkhulu kunye nomona we-pathological. Kwinyani yangaphakathi, olu hlobo lomona alunto ingumthombo wentlanganisela yentswela-bulungisa. 
b. Kutheni le nto intiyo enogonyamelo, ngamanye amaxesha ivezwa kuhlaselo lomzimba, ifihlwe ngobuqhetseba kulwalamano lobufanasini. Umaleko wothando lwe-pseudo (ungqimba wesihlanu) ngumkhuselo kuphela ubuqhuqhuva. 
ngaphakathi Kutheni le nto abantu abathandana nabafana beguqukela kwi-oedipal camouflage (kude nendoda kunye nenkosikazi) -iyayifihla imbonakalo yobudlelwano bukamama kunye nomntwana, obume kwiingxabano zaphambi kwexesha le-oedipal, bezithwele kakhulu ityala.
ngonyaka Kutheni le ilize nje ukulindela ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane babantu ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-lesbianism. Umntu ongathandani naye ongazithobiyo ufuna ukungamoyiki rhoqo, ngenxa yoko akanako ukonwaba.

Ukufakwa kwe-lescissistic lesbian kukwacacisa ukuba kutheni ungquzulwano olungapheliyo kunye nonina lungasuki. Ngaphantsi kophuhliso oluqhelekileyo, ungquzulwano kunye nonina lusonjululwa yintombazana ngoqhekeko: endala "intiyo" isala kunye nonina, icandelo "lothando" ligqithiselwa kuyise, kwaye endaweni yento ebubini "usana olungumama" (Inqanaba langaphambi kokuzalela) imeko engunxantathu ye-oedipal "umntwana-mama-utata" ivela. I-lesbian yexesha elizayo izama ukwenza okufanayo, kuphela ukuphoswa emva kwimbambano yokuqala. "Isisombululo" se-oedipal (ngokwaso isigaba setshintsho esishiywa ngumntwana ekukhuleni kwakhe kwesiqhelo) kukuba amantombazana athandana namanye asebenzise umyeni-inkosikazi (utata-mama) azifihle njengesikhuselo.

Kuyimfuneko ukwahlula phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokuchonga ungazi: "ukukhokela" (ukukhokela) kunye "nokukhokela" (ukulahlekisa). Esokuqala simele iminqweno yomntu, ecekethekileyo kwisiphumo songquzulwano olungapheliyo, kwaye okwesibini kubhekisele ekuchazeni kunye nabantu abakhethiweyo ukukhanyela kunye nokwala ukukhalazelwa kwesazela sangaphakathi ngokuchasene nale minqweno ye-neurotic. "Ukukhokela" ukufunyanwa kohlobo olusebenzayo lwesini ekubhekiswa kulo preedipal oomama kunye "nokukhokelela" kubawo we-oedipal. Koluhlobo lokulula, ukubonisa "ukukhokela" kubhekisa emntwaneni, kunye "nokukhokelela" kuye i-oedipal oomama.

Zonke ezi zinto zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kunjalo, zichazwe njengobungqina bekliniki, ezichazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwiincwadi zikaE. Bergler.

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Izibalo

Ngu Idatha yamva nje I-American Medical Association (i-AMA) abantu abathandana nabesilisa besini rhoqo kunabafazi abathandana abatshatileyo baxela uxinzelelo lwengqondo, impilo enkenenkene, iingxaki ezingapheliyo, ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala, kunye nokutshaya. Eminye imithombo yongeza kolu luhlu umngcipheko owandayo umhlaza webele, uxinzelelo, Uxinzelelo, isifo sentliziyo, umhlaza wesibeleko, ukutyeba, ukuphathwa gadalala kweziyobisi, nayo yonke imingcipheko yokwabelana ngesondo okungakhuselekanga kunye namadoda amaninzi.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nee-STD

Inani lezifundo ^{[1, 2, 3]}, iseke unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo phakathi kokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana nabo besini bobabini kunye nokungabikho kukatata ebusaneni kwasekuqaleni, ngakumbi ngakumbi kumantombazana kunabafana ^{[1, 2]}. Enye ingcaciso ichaza ukuba ubukho (okanye ukungabikho) kukatata ekhaya kuthathwa njengesibonakaliso sozinzo kunye nokuthembakala kobudlelwane phakathi kwamadoda. Ngokwenye inkcazo, amantombazana asindayo kuqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali bawo ebusaneni aqala ukuba neentlobano zesini ngaphambili kwaye abe namaqabane esini amafutshane.

Uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba inkululeko yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo nobufanasini. Abasetyhini abangazithinteli ngokwesini banenani elandayo labalingani bezesondo, uninzi lwabo banokuba ngamanani. Ngokwakutshanje uphandoAbafazi banamaqabane amaninzi esini esinye nabo banamaqabane angaphezulu kwesinye.

Ngokutsho inikiwe IZiko lase-U.S. LokuLawulwa kwezifo (i-CDC) ngaphambi kwe-97% yabantu abathandana nabesini babelana ngesondo namadoda (i-28% kunyaka ophelileyo), kunye ne-86% yokuziqhelanisa nokungena kwe-femal kunye ne-48%. Yayingu kusekweukuba abantu ababhinqileyo ababelana ngesondo nabanye abantu basetyhini banomdla ongafaniyo nowokuba neentlobano zesini nomntu ongatshatanga naye abe neentlobano zesini ezenziwa ngomlomo okanye zomlomo kunye neqabane lesini esahlukileyo, kwaye amathuba okuba babe neqabane elingaphezulu kwe-50 ephakamileyo yi350%. Amaqabane amaninzi, ayanda ingozi yosulelo. Ngokubanzi, i-WSW kholisa ngakumbi ukuba neentlobano zesini nabantu abathandana nabantu besini esinye (ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba baziva beqiniseka ngakumbi “ngabantu abanentliziyo efanayo”), engakumbi yandisa umngcipheko wabo usulelo yi-HIV, hepatitis C kunye nolunye uphawu lwe-STD lwe-MSM (amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda).

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-32% abafazi abatshatileyo, i-44% WSW ingxelo Malunga nokufunyaniswa kwangaphambili kwe-STD enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Eyona STD ixhaphakileyo idluliselwa phakathi kwabasetyhini zibandakanya i-bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, herpes yesini kunye ne-papillomavirus yomntu, oko kukuthi pathogen Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, kuluntu lwesini waba nesini ngakumbi. Iimagazini ezivuselela inkanuko, iivenkile zokudlala ngesondo, kunye neenkampani zefilimu zamanyala ezijoliswe neziqhutywa ngamabhinqa athandana namanye zanda. Iiklabhu zabasetyhini abathandanayo bapapasha ubusuku obuthi "Ndiyayithanda iPussy" kwaye ngokuzingca babonisa "umsebenzi" kwiindawo zokuhlambela. Imibutho ye-Lesbian BDSM ikhona kwizixeko ezininzi ezikhulu zase-United States, kwaye i-polyamory iya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ezinye iilesbians zisanda kuqalisa ukuxelisa izenzo zesondo ze-MSM, kubandakanya ukubethelwa ngamanqindi, ukurim (rimming).35%), urolagnia kunye nokufakwa kwenaliti kwezinto (25%) Ngokuqinisekileyo le ndlela yokuziphatha inxulumene nomngcipheko omkhulu wezempilo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neziyobisi

Imithombo emininzi ^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]} Qaphela ukuba i-CSF ixele i-2-3 amaxesha ngamaxesha malunga noxinzelelo, ixhala kunye neengcinga zokuzibulala. Imeko yabafazi abachongwe njenge- “bisexual” ichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, phakathi kwe-WSW kukho umkhuba wokuhlehlisa kwaye unqande ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango. Enye imeko emibi kukuba abanye abantu basetyhini, abathi bafunyanwa njengezesini, kamva batshintsha ubuqu babo baba “yi-transgender,” ebabeka emngciphekweni womonakalo ongenakuphikiswa ekuthatheni iihormoni ezingamadoda, utyando olusulelayo kunye nokubandezeleka okungaphaya kwengqondo.

Ngokutsho inikiwe Umbutho weAmerican Psychiatric Association, i-WSW ngamaxesha e-3 ngaphezulu kokufumana ubunzima ekubandezelekeni kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwaye kunokuba lula ukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi kunye neziyobisi ezinzima. Njengakuqala, ezi zibalo zilusizi zilawulwa ngabafazi “ababhinqileyo”. ISebe Lezempilo lase-US (HHS)  iyaqinisekisa:

"Ukunxila kunye nokukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi kubonakala kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abathandana besini esinye (ngakumbi abasetyhini abasebatsha) kunaphakathi kwabasetyhini abathandana besini esinye ... Abafazi abathandanayo abathandanayo banamathuba amaninzi kunabanye ukuba batofelwe iziyobisi kwaye basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa zizifo."

Uphando Kwimo yeCalifornia kubonakalise ukuba umngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kotywala kwi-CSW uyonyuswa ngamaxesha e-4, iziyobisi-ngamaxesha e-3,5, kwaye nakuphi na okunye ukuphazamiseka okunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokusebenza ngengqondo - ngamaxesha ka3,4.

Ubudlova

Isifundo esikhulu Ibonise ukuba abantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo kunye nababhinqileyo kubantwana abanamava ebuntwaneni banamava ongafaniyo “Ukoyisa nobundlobongela obuqhubekayo”. Kwabaninzi besini esinye, ubundlobongela abupheli ebuntwaneni kwaye ngoku buqhubeka kwicala leqabane. Isibini esitshatileyo rhoqokunamadoda athandana nobungqingili angamaxhoba kunye nabaqalisi bogonyamelo.

Isifundo se-APA safumanisa ukuba i-47,5% yabantu abathandanayo abakhe bafumana ukuxhatshazwa emzimbeni kwiqabane. Idatha efanayo wazisiwe I-CDC - i-40,4% yabantu abathandanayo babethwa gadalala emzimbeni liqabane; kwi-29,4%, ubundlobongela babubukhulu: ukubetha, ukubulala okanye ukubetha into inzima.

Ijenali yoPhando loSapho ingxeloukuba i-70,2% yabantu abathandanayo baye bafumana ukuxhatshazwa ngokwengqondo kunyaka ophelileyo. Olunye uphononongo boniseukuba i-69% yabasetyhini ababandakanyeka kubudlelwane besini esifanayo baxela ukuxoka ngamazwi, kunye ne-77,5% yokulawula indlela yokuziphatha kwiqabane. Ngu inikiwe Uhlalutyo lwakutsha nje lweCDC, kwi-63,5 yeepesenti eyi-10 yabantu abathandana nabasetyhini abaye bafumana uxinzelelo lwengqondo oluvela kwiqabane, bahlala bonakaliswa bodwa kusapho nakwizihlobo, ihlazo, izithuko kunye nokuqinisekiswa ukuba akukho namnye umntu ozifunayo.

Ubuxoki kunye noogxa bhiyozelaukuba ubundlobongela kubudlelwane bezesini ngamanye amaxesha zihlala zilolohlobo. Kwisampulu yabo, i-23,1% yabantu abathandana nabathandana nesini babike ukunyanzelwa ngokwesini kwiqabane labo, kunye ne-9,4% kwiqabane labo langaphambili. Ukongeza, i-55.1% ixele ukuxubusha ngomlomo nangokweemvakalelo. Kwenye uphando kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuthelekiswa ne-17,8% yamabhinqa angatshatanga, i-30,6% yabantu abathandana nabesini esahlukileyo babelana ngesondo ngokuthanda kwabo, nangokwe Waldner-Haugrud (1997⁽¹⁾) I-50% yabasetyhini abathandanayo abangena ekukhuseleni liqabane labo.

В nqaku I-1994 yonyaka kwijenali ethi "IJenali yoBundlobongela obenzile" ijongise iingxaki zongquzulwano kunye nobundlobongela kubudlelane phakathi kwabasetyhini. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-31% yabaphenduli baxele ukuba banamava episode enye yokuxhatshazwa emzimbeni liqabane. Ngokutsho I-Nichols (2000)I-54% yabasetyhini abanobungqingili baqaphele ukuba banamava e-10 kunye neziqendu zobundlobongela ngamaqabane, i-74% ichaze iziqendu ze6 - 10.

Ngokophando olwenziwe ngurhulumente waseCanada:

"... ubundlobongela bomtshato buvele kabini kwizibini ezitshatileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezesini esahlukileyo: I-15% kunye ne-7%, ngokulandelelana" (Ukulinganisa ubundlobongela obenziwa kwabaseTyhini: I-Statistical Trends 2006, p.39).

Uphononongo lweSizwe loBundlobongela oLunxamnye naBasetyhini lubonise ukuba "ukujongana kwabantu besini esifanayo kunowona mgangatho uphezulu wobundlobongela kunokwabelana ngesini. I-39% yabaphenduli yabika ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo liqabane xa kuthelekiswa ne-21,7% yabaphenduli abavela kwi-cohabitations ye-heterosexual (I-CDC 2000) Ngokubaluleke ngakumbi amaxabiso aphezulu Ubundlobongela phakathi kwe-WSW ngokuqinisekileyo bunegalelo kuxinzelelo lwabo lwengqondo.

Umhlaza kunye nokukhuluphala

Abafazi abangazange bazale basengozini enkulu yomhlaza. UGunyaziwe wezeMpilo wabasetyhini (i-HHS) phawulaukuba iihomoni ezikhutshwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa zikhusela abasetyhini kumhlaza wamabele, umhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza we-ovari. I-WSW ibonakalisiwe kwezi ntlobo zomhlaza ubukhulu becala, kuba mancinci amathuba okuba bakhulelwe, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, amathuba okuba abe isisu phezulu. Uphando bonisile zonxibelelwano Ukukhupha isisu ngomhlaza wamabele kunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-Polycystic ovary syndrome, umngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko, kakhulu rhoqo ifunyenwe phakathi kwe-WSW.

Izifundo ezininzi ^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]} Ibonisile ukuba kwabasetyhini ababhinqileyo kunye nabathandanayo ziphawu kakhulu amaxabiso aphezulu ukukhuluphala (3 / 4 vs 1 / 2), yey iyanda banomngcipheko isifo sentliziyo, iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, kunye nokufa kwangoko. Inani elikhulayo lobungqina besayensi bonisa Unxibelelwano lwesifo sentliziyo kunye nomngcipheko okonyukayo weentlobo ezithile zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kubandakanya isifo seAlzheimer kunye nokuwohloka kwemithambo.  Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zesimo somtshato, abasetyhini ababhinqileyo nabasetyhini abatshatileyo baneqela kunye Elona nani liphezulu lokusweleka, ethi kwiminyaka yakutshanje iqhubeke ikhula.

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Amandla okutshintsha

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kubantu abahlangabezana nomtsalane wobungqingili ongafunekiyo, likho ithemba. Iimeko ezininzi zokulungiswa kwezonyango okuphumelelayo kungekuphela kokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo, kodwa nomtsalane ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha kuncwadi lobungcali. U-Edmund Bergler, owaphilisa malunga ne-30 yezigulana ezinobungqingili kwiminyaka ye-100 yokusebenza kwezonyango, phawulaUkuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, i-lesbianism, njengobufanasini, inesifo esigqibeleleyo sonyango lwe-psychodynamic. Xela Umbutho weSizwe woFundo kunye noNyango loBungqingili bunika uphononongo olugqibeleleyo lweenkcukacha ezinamandla, iingxelo zeklinikhi kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi ukusukela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nto leyo ebonisa ubungqina bokuba amadoda kunye nabasetyhini abanomdla banokwenza inguquko ukusuka kubungqingili ukuya kwisini esinye.

Kwisiza Ilizwi (ii) leThemba uqokelele malunga ne-80 yevidiyo ubungqina babantu basetyhini kunye namadoda aphule ubungqingili kwaye akhokele indlela yokuphila epheleleyo. Kwaye nokuba ukholo lwalusisizathu sokutshintsha kwiimeko ezininzi, inkolo ayisosimo esiphambili sotshintsho, nangona ngokungathandabuzekiyo iluncedo oluxabisekileyo, kuba inika umntu isikhokelo esicacileyo kwaye aqinise intando yakhe ngokuchasene necala elimnyama lobuntu bakhe.

Isekwe kwi umbono wezopolitiko, Amaziko onyango aseNtshona aphikisa ukunyangwa ngokungafuneki kubuni obufanayo ngokwesini esithi "kunokuba yingozi", kodwa enyanisweni, khohlisa uluntuNgaphandle kokuchaza ukuba: 
(1) Zonke iinkonzo zengqondo zazo zonke iingxaki zobuqu kunye nezabantu zinokuba yingozi; 
(2) Isayensi ebophelelekayo ayikabonisanga ukuba umngcipheko wokwenzakala kunyango lwe-drive engafunekiyo yesini esinye, kuyafana, okanye ungaphantsi komngcipheko walo naluphi olunye unyango lwengqondo.
Kwaye ngelixa i-APA igxeka esidlangalaleni ukuzama ukunyanga ukuguqula ingqondo, ngaphakathi kwayo Uncwadi olukhethekileyoyenzelwe iingcali ezixeliweyo okulandelayo:

Ubungqina obutsha nje buxhasa ukuba ubufanasini bunokuguqulwa ngokuqinisekileyo kubathengi abanomdla, kwaye ukuzama ukunyanga kwakhona akuvelisi imvakalelo. " 

Akukho nto ifumanekileyo koku: ukuya kuthi ga ngoku njenge-1973 kuxwebhu olucacisa ukuba kungabandakanywa egosyntonic (i.e., yamkelekile isigulana) ubufanasini kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo, APA qaphele, oko Iindlela zonyango zanamhlanje zivumela inxenye ebalulekileyo yabantu abathandana nabafazi abafuna ukutshintsha indlela abathanda ngayo ukwenza njalo..

Uphando I-2018 yonyaka ibonise ukuba uninzi lwabo bafake izicelo kwiqela okanye kuncedo olufanelekileyo bafumana utshintsho oluphawuleka kubuntu kwi-sex drive, isazisi kunye nokuziphatha. Ukongeza, bahlangabezana nokuncipha kokuzibulala, ukudakumba, kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kunye nokwanda kokusebenza kunye nokuzithemba. Phantse zonke iziphumo eziyingozi zazingabalulekanga, kwaye iimpembelelo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zazithelekiswa nezo zonyango lwengqondo oluqhelekileyo kwezinye iingxaki zengqondo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingxaki yokutshatelwa kwabatshatileyo ayihlukile kwenye ingxaki: "utshintsho" aluthethi ukuba ingxaki inyamalala kube kanye. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uphumelele ekupheliseni uxinzelelo, oku akuthethi ukuba akasayi kuphinda abe nakho. Kwakhona, abantu abahlukane neziyobisi okanye iziyobisi abanakho ukujongana nezilingo ezindala, kodwa ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci, kwaye ukukhubeka kunye nokubuyela ngasemva linyathelo elinye elingalunganga.

Inguquko evela kubungqingili ukuya kwisini esahlukileyo kufuneka ingabonakali njengombuzo "omnye okanye omnye." Kukho ukuqhubekeka okuthile - oko kukuthi, ukuncipha okucothayo okuqhubekayo kutyekelo lobufanasini kunye nokwanda kweempawu zesini esahlukileyo, inqanaba lokubonakaliswa kwahluka ngokubanzi. Uninzi lwabo bahlukane nezikhobisi ezinobungqingili ngoncedo lwengqondo, bazisola nje ngokuba bengazange bayenze le nto ngaphambili, kuba babeqinisekile ukuba abanakukwenza okanye akufuneki bazame ukutshintsha.

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Ukongeza:

Ukusuka eTomboys ukuya kwiLesbians (J. Nicolosi) .pdf

Kolu dliwanondlebe, amabhinqa amabini akumtshato wobudlelwane bezesini athetha ngezizathu ezibakhokelele kule ndlela. Ingxelo yabo ichaza ngokupheleleyo amava obutyebi bezonyango acaciswe kuncwadi lobuchwephesha, obonisa ukuba isini esenziwa ngokwesini sisoloko sisekelezwe kukukhathazeka okuthe kratya okufunyanwa ngamadoda. Esi sigulo sinokuzibonakalisa kwi-paterophobia (ukoyika utata) kunye / okanye ne-androphobia (ukoyika amadoda ngokubanzi). Ootata ababhinqileyo abathi kamva bangene kubudlelane besini esinye, bahlala bengekho gwenxa, basebenzise kakubi utywala okanye baye kugonyamelo.
Umbutho waseAmerican Psychological Association uqaphele ukuba ukungabikho komzali omnye okanye bobabini, ikakhulu umzali wesini esifanayo nomntwana, kunokuba yinto enxulumene nomtsalane kubufanasini. Kumantombazana, ukusweleka kukamama ebuntwaneni kudlala indima ebalulekileyo koku. La mantombazana anesidingo esingagungqiyo sokugcinwa kunye nomnqweno wokubuyisela ubudlelwane obuthathaka kunye nonina, onothileyo abajonga kwelinye ibhinqa ngokungazi.

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Wenziwa njani umdla wabantu abathandana abathandanayo?