"Njalo umuntu wesithathu oneminyaka engu-20
uzoba negciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma obulawe yingculazi
kusikhumbuzo salo se-30 ».
APA

Bambalwa abantu namuhla abakhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuvela kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, isifo esabangelwa yi-GRID (Gay-related immune disorder) - "I-Gay Immune Disorder", ngoba bonke abantu bokuqala abangenwe yileli gciwane babengongqingili. Elinye igama elivamile kwakuyi-"Gay Cancer." Kungemva kokuba leli gciwane liphinde lasakazeka phakathi kwabesifazane abathandana nobulili obuhlukile, futhi ngabo phakathi kwabesilisa, ngokusebenzisa abesilisa nabesifazane kanye nemilutha yezidakamizwa, lesi sifo saqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi ingculaza ngosizo losopolitiki kanye nengcindezi evela ezinhlanganweni zezitabane.

Lapho kuqala ubhadane lwe-AIDS e-1981 e-USA, imizamo yabaholi benhlangano yezitabane yayingahlosile ukuvimba ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo, kodwa ukucasha emphakathini iqiniso lokuthi sikhona nokubeka ubungqingili njengendlela yokuphila evamile nephephile. Indawo yokuphekela ezitabane yenze imizamo eminingi yokususa ekuqapheleni komphakathi ukuxhumana phakathi kwalesi sifo nobungqingili, kodwa ezincwadini zokwelapha ucansi phakathi kwabesilisa kuseyinto eyingozi # 1. Kuliqiniso elingenakuphikwa ukuthi bekungobungqingili abadala leli gciwane laseMelika lase-HIV futhi besalisekela ngocansi lwe-anal kanye nenani elikhulu kakhulu labalingani bocansi.^[1]

Ucwaningo olwenziwa eSan Francisco (Bell naseWeinberg) lwathola ukuthi i-28% yayinabalingani bezokuxhumana abangaphezulu kwe-1000 nabangaphezulu kwe-43% yamadoda ayizitabane. Olunye ucwaningo (uPaul Van de Ven et al.) Uthole ukuthi ubungqingili obujwayelekile kukho konke impilo yakhe kusuka ku-500 kuya kwabalingani be-101, ama-500% ukusuka ku-16 kuya kwabalingani be-501, kanye ne-1000% ngaphezulu kwe-16.^[2] 

Isisebenzi sendiza UGaetan Duga, omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yokusakazwa kwe-HIV e-United States waqhosha ukuthi ngeminyaka ye-10 wayenabalingani be-2500.^[3] Ngisho nalapho esatholakala ukuthi utholile I-Kaposi's sarcoma, futhi bathi ukugula kwakhe kwakuyingozi futhi kuyathathelana, iminyaka eyi-3, waze wafa, waqhubeka nokwenza ucansi olungavikelekile kuma-gay saunas amnyama. Nabu ubufakazi bomuntu ongungqingili othi ngobusuku obubodwa wayenabalingani be50.

Ngokusho kwe-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), inani lokutheleleka phakathi kwabobulili obuhlukile liyancipha minyaka yonke (okwamanje nge-3 000 ngonyaka), ngenkathi phakathi kobungqingili kuhlala kungashintshiwe - cishe nge-26 000 ngonyaka.^[4] 

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi eMelika ongqingili bodwa bakha ama-2.3% wabantu,^[5] Ukutheleleka nge-HIV phakathi kwabo kwenzeka kaningi cishe izikhathi ezingama-375 kunabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile. Njengamanje, zingamaphesenti angama-9 kuphela izifo zabesilisa eMelika ezisebenzelana nabobulili obuhlukile, kuyilapho abongqingili, yize besebancane, banesibalo sama-67% sazo zonke izifo ze-HIV, kuthi ama-83% abesilisa.

Kuvela isithombe esifanayo nakwamanye amazwe:

Ngu inikezwe Isikhungo sase-Europe Sokuvikela Ukuthintelwa Nezifo (i-ECDC), okuyindlela yokudluliselwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza endaweni yezomnotho yaseYurophu, ubulili phakathi kwabesilisa.^[6]

Ngokocwaningo lwango-2013, cishe ama-70% okutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo kwenzeka ngozakwethu ojwayelekile, ngoba iningi lokukhohlisa kwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondomu.^[7] Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yokukhankasela ingculaza, ongqingili bayenqaba ukuzivikela ngisho nokuthola ngamabomu igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kubalingani abanalo. Lo mkhuba, owaqala ukuphawulwa ngo-1999, waziwa ngokuthi “Ukubheja"(Eng.: Ukujaha isiphazamiso -" ukujaha isiphazamisi "). Ngokusho kwababambe iqhaza, ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokuzithandela kuyabakhulula ekwesabeni ukutheleleka futhi kubanikeze inkululeko ephelele yokwenza lapho bethola injabulo engenakuphikiswa. Ngokusho kwe-APA, "i-30% yabo bonke ongqingili abaneminyaka engamashumi amabili izotheleleka nge-HIV noma izofa ngengculazi ineminyaka engamashumi amathathu."^[8]

Kuvela kuwebhusayithi ye-CDC: “I-MSM (amadoda alala nabesilisa) asengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV namanye amagciwane kanye namagciwane STDngoba bayazilolonga ucansi lwe-anal. I-membrane ye-mucous ye-rectum itholakala ngokungajwayelekile kumagciwane athile wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Futhi abantu abaningi abathandana nabo kwezocansi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana zocansi ze-MSM ezandisa ingozi ye-HIV futhi STI kuleli qembu. Izigameko zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza zehlile kakhulu kuma-MSM kusuka kuma-1980's kuya maphakathi nama-1990's. Kodwa-ke, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, phakathi kokuqala kweMSM e-United States futhi cishe kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile, amazinga akhuphuka ekuqaleni syphilis (eyokuqala, yesibili noma yasekuqaleni), i-gonorrhea, chlamydial ukutheleleka kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokuziphatha kobulili okuyingozi. ”^[9]

Umbhali wencwadi ekhuluma ngempilo ye-MSM, uStephen Goldstone, ubika ukuthi isiguli sesibili sobungqingili besiguli sinesifo sokungaziphathi kahle.^[10] Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza we-anal kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi iphakeme izikhathi ze-28.^[11]

NgokweRed Cross, eshicilelwe kuwebhusayithi ye-FDA yokunikela ngegazi, amadoda aselala namadoda kusukela ngo-1977 asethubeni lokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-60 kunesilinganiso sabantu, amathuba aphindwe ka-800 kunabaxhasi bokuqala , futhi izikhathi eziphindwe ka-8000 kunabanikeli abaphindayo.^[12]

Kungenxa yengozi ekhuphukayo yokuthola i-HIV nezinye izifo, ku amazwe amaningi, okubekezelelwa kakhulu, kunemikhawulo efinyelela ekuvinjelweni ngokuphelele kwegazi, izicubu nokunikela ngezitho okwenziwa ngabesilisa abaxhumana nabungqingili. Le mikhawulo ithinta nabesifazane abalala ne-MSM.

Ngokusho kwesishoshovu esidume ngobungqingili, uCamilla Pali, "ENtshonalanga, yize kunenkulumo-ze eqinisiwe, ingculazi iyisifo sezitabane futhi sizohlala sinjalo ngekusasa elibonakalayo.".^[13]

Umlobi wobungqingili nesishoshovu sengculazi uLarry Kramer uthe kumagazini wobungqingili i-Advocate:

“Ingculazi phakathi kwezitabane ayihambi ndawo. Siguqukile, kepha akwanele, ngakho-ke izinga lokutheleleka liyaqhubeka nokuphakama njalo. Yonke imizamo yethu yokufundisa, "ucansi oluphephile" kanye nezinguquko ekuziphatheni bezinganele ukuvikela inani labantu abayizitabane ukuthi lingabhujiswa ... Ngeshwa, kuhlale kungukuphikisana, okungenakuphikwa, ukuthi thina ngokwethu silethele ingculazi kithi ngokukhuthaza le ndlela yokuphila. Awukwazi ukungabandlululi ngokungabandlululi nabalingani abaningi abenze okufanayo ngaphandle kokusabalalisa lesi sifo, okuyinto ebulale iminyaka eminingi. Imvelo ihlala ikhokhela ubulili bokuzibandakanya ocansini ... Kepha akekho okhuluma ngokuzwakalayo, ngokusobala nangaphandle kokumisa: Yekani ukwenza njenge-asshole. Qala ukwenza njengabantu abadala. Noma ngabe kunezikhathi ezimnandi kakhulu, umuntu omdala ngeke adlale iRussia roulette x ** mi ... Kumele sakhe isiko elisha elingeke lilinganiselwe kakhulu futhi ligxile ekuzimiseleni kwethu ngalokho esikwenzayo nalokho esikwenzayo nabo. ” (ULarry Kramer, "Ezothando nezocansi," Ummeli, i-1997)

Amanothi

[1] UJeffrey Satinover. Ubungqingili Nezombusazwe Zeqiniso... - Izincwadi zeBaker, 1996-02-01. - 424 k. - I-ISBN 9781441212931.

[2] UPaul Van de Ven, uPamela Rodden, uJuni Crawford, uSusan Kippax.Iphrofayili yokuqhathanisa yokwanda kwabantu kanye nezocansi amadoda amadala asebenzayo // Ijenali Yokucwaninga Ngocansi. - I-1997-01-01. - T. 34, cha. I-4. - S. 349 - 360.

[3] UMalcolm Gladwell.Iphuzu Eliphuzu: Izinto Ezincane Zingawenza Umehluko Omkhulu. - Encanyana, uBrown, 2006-11-01. - I-182 sec. - I-ISBN 9780759574731

[4] I-CDC: Imibiko yokuqashwa kwe-HIV, ivol. I-27 - 28

[5] Brian W. Ward, James M. Dahlhamer, Adena M. Galinsky, uSara S. Joestl.Ukuya ocansini nempilo phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US: Inhlolovo yezempilo yezwe lonke, i-2013 // Imibiko Yezwe Yezempilo Yezwe. - I-2014-07-15. - Umq. I-77. - S. 1 - 10. - ISSN 2164-8344.

[6] I-prophylaxis yangaphambi kokuvezwa ku-EU / EEA. Ukulethwa kwezinsiza nokuqapha kwe-PrEP: amazinga aphansi kanye nemigomo ebalulekile (2018

[7]  Sonya S. Brady, Alex Iantaffi, Dylan L. Galos, BR Simon Rosser. Vula, Kuvaliwe, noma phakathi: Ukucushwa kobudlelwano nokusetshenziswa kwekhondomu phakathi kwabesilisa abasebenzisa i-Intanethi ukufuna ucansi nabantu besilisa // Ingculaza nokuziphatha. - I-2013-5. - T. 17, cha. I-4. - S. 1499 - 1514

[8] UChristopher H. Rosik. Izisusa Ezishukumisayo, Zokuziphatha, Nezama-Epistemological ekwelapheni Ukuheha Okungafuneki Kwe-Homoerotic (Eng.) // Ijenali Yezokwelashwa Komshado Nezomndeni. - I-2003. - Umq. I-29, ikhishwe. I-1. - P. 13 - 28.

[9] Inani labantu abakhethekile – 2015 STD Treatment Guideline

[10] UStephen E. Goldstone. Ama-Ins and Outs of Gay Sex: Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yabesilisa... 1999 - cha. 1. - P. 21 - ISBN: 0440508460

[11] UBrandon C. Yarns, uJanet M. Abrams, uThomas W. Meeks, uDaniel D. Sewell.Impilo Yengqondo Yabadala Abadala be-LGBT // Imibiko Yamanje Yengqondo. - 2016-6. - T. 18, cha. 6. - P. 60

[12] Iminikelo Yegazi evela Kwabesilisa Abalala Nabanye Abesilisa Imibuzo nezimpendulo. web.archive.org (NgoFebhuwari 27 2013)

[13] UCamille Paglia. Ama-Vamp & Tramp: Ama-Essay amasha. - I-Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, i-2011-08-31. - I-562 sec.

[14] ILarry Kramer, "Ezothando Nezocansi, ”Ummeli, i-1997