Ingxoxo ngu-Irving Bieber noRobert Spitzer

NgoDisemba 15, 1973, iBhodi Yama-Trustee ye-American Psychiatric Association, inikezela ekucindezelweni okuqhubekayo kwamaqembu abathandana nobungqingili, yavuma ukuguqulwa kwezinkombandlela ezisemthethweni zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. “Ubungqingili obunje,” abaphathi bavote, akumele babonwe “njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo”; esikhundleni salokho, kufanele ichazwe ngokuthi "ukwephula ukuthambekela ocansini". 

URobert Spitzer, MD, uprofesa ongumsizi wezifo zengqondo emitholampilo eColumbia University kanye nelungu lekomidi lesigungu se-APA, kanye no-Irving Bieber, MD, uprofesa wezokwelapha e-New York College of Medicine kanye nosihlalo wekomidi lokufunda ngobungqingili besilisa, baxoxe ngesinqumo se-APA. Okulandelayo inguqulo efingqiwe yengxoxo yabo.

Iphuzu lokubukwa okwamukelwa njengamanje emazweni athuthukile ngokusho ukuthi ubungqingili abuhlolwe ekuhlolweni komtholampilo lunemibandela futhi alinakho ukwethenjwa kwesayensi, ngoba libonisa kuphela ukuvumelana kwezepolitiki okungenasisekelo, hhayi isiphetho esifinyeleleke ngokwesayensi.