Ingxoxo ngu-Irving Bieber noRobert Spitzer

NgoDisemba 15, 1973, iBhodi Yama-Trustee ye-American Psychiatric Association, inikezela ekucindezelweni okuqhubekayo kwamaqembu abathandana nobungqingili, yavuma ukuguqulwa kwezinkombandlela ezisemthethweni zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. “Ubungqingili obunje,” abaphathi bavote, akumele babonwe “njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo”; esikhundleni salokho, kufanele ichazwe ngokuthi "ukwephula ukuthambekela ocansini". 

URobert Spitzer, MD, uprofesa ongumsizi wezifo zengqondo emitholampilo eColumbia University kanye nelungu lekomidi lesigungu se-APA, kanye no-Irving Bieber, MD, uprofesa wezokwelapha e-New York College of Medicine kanye nosihlalo wekomidi lokufunda ngobungqingili besilisa, baxoxe ngesinqumo se-APA. Okulandelayo inguqulo efingqiwe yengxoxo yabo.

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Amaphuzu abalulekile engxoxo:

1) Ubungqingili ngese ngalinye alihlangabezani nenqubo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njengoba kungahambisani nosizi nokukhubazeka okujwayelekile kokusebenzelana komphakathi, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ubungqingili bujwayelekile futhi bugcwele ubungqingili.

2) Bonke abantu abathandana nobungqingili bathintele ukuthuthukiswa kobulili obujwayelekile ngenxa yokwesaba okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kobulili. Ubungqingili luphatha iDSM ngendlela efanayo ne-frigidity, ngoba ukufiphala nakho kungukwephulwa komsebenzi wobulili obangelwa ukwesaba. 

3) Ngokwencazelo entsha, ongqingili “be-egodystonic” kuphela abangajabule ngesimo sabo abazotholwa. Ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zobungqingili, lapho isitabane esihlukumezeke kakhulu sitshelwa ukuthi sinempilo, futhi ohlukumezeke kakhulu, ogcina amandla okubuyisela ubungqingili bakhe, utshelwa ukuthi uyagula - awunangqondo.

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UDkt Spitzer: Lapho sisondela embuzweni wokuthi ubungqingili ukugula ngengqondo noma cha, kufanele sibe nemibandela ethile yokugula kwengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka. Ngokwenqubo yami ehlongozwayo, isimo kufanele sihlale sidala ukuphazamiseka kokuzimela noma sihlale sihlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka okujwayelekile kokusebenza komphakathi noma ukusebenza. Kuyacaca ukuthi ubungqingili ngokwabo abuhlangabezani nalezi zidingo: ongqingili abaningi banelisekile ngokuziphatha kwabo ngokobulili futhi ababonisi ukwephulwa okuvamile. 

Uma ubungqingili bungahlangabezani nenqubo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kuyini? Ngokuchazayo, singasho ukuthi lena indlela yokuziphatha kocansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokungabheki ubungqingili njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, asisho ukuthi kuyinto ejwayelekile noma ibaluleke njengobungqingili. Kumele sivume ukuthi esimweni sabobungqingili abakhathazekile noma abangajabule ngemizwa yabo yobungqingili, sibhekene nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngoba kukhona ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo. 

UDkt Bieber: Okokuqala, ake sichaze amagama futhi singasebenzisi “isifo” nelithi “isifo” ngokushintshana. Ngomqondo ovamile, ukugula kwengqondo kusho ukugula kwengqondo. Angicabangi ukuthi ubutabane yisifo sengqondo ngalowo mqondo. Mayelana namalungelo omphakathi, ngiweseka ngokugcwele wonke amalungelo abantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuzivumelanisa nocansi okuthile kufinyelelwa kanjani kumuntu omdala, ukuziphatha kocansi phakathi kwabantu abadala abavumayo kuyindaba yangasese. 

Umbuzo wethu oyinhloko ngothi: ingabe ubungqingili uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezocansi olukhula njengobunxele kwabanye abantu, noma lumelela uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka kwezocansi? Angingabazi ukuthi bonke abesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo badlula esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kobungqingili kuqala, nokuthi bonke ongqingili banokuphazamiseka ekukhuleni okuvamile kwabobulili obufanayo ngenxa yokwesaba okubangela ukukhathazeka futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wezocansi. Ukuzivumelanisa nobungqingili ukuguqula indawo. 

Ngingathanda ukukunikeza isifaniso. Nge-poliomyelitis, umuntu uthola ukusabela okubuhlungu okuningi. Ezinye izingane zikhubazeke ngokuphelele futhi azikwazi ukuhamba. Abanye bangakwazi ukuhamba ngezinsimbi, kanti abanye banemisipha eyanele yokuvuselela nokuzihambela ngokwabo. Kumuntu omdala ongqingili, ukusebenza kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile kukhubazeke ngendlela efanayo nokuhamba ngesisulu sovendle. Isifaniso asifani, ukuthi ukuhlukumezeka okuvela kupholiyori akunakulungiseka.

Yini esiyibiza ngokuthi? Uzophikisana nokuthi lokhu kuyinto eyejwayelekile? Ukuthi umuntu onemilenze yakhe ekhubazekile yipoli ngumuntu ojwayelekile, yize ipoliyo ingasasebenzi? Ukwesaba okwadala ubungqingili nokuvinjwa kwengqondo ngokungangabazeki kungokwolunye uhlobo lokuqokwa kwengqondo. 

UDkt Spitzer: Kubukeka sengathi ngenkathi uDkt.Bieber engabubheki ubungqingili njengesifo sengqondo, angathanda ukukuhlukanisa phakathi nendawo. Uma kunjalo, kungani engeneme ngesinqumo esisanda kwenziwa? Akusho ukuthi ubungqingili bujwayelekile. Kuphela ithi ubungqingili abuhlangabezani nemibandela yokugula kwengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka. Kepha ngaphambi kokuba uDkt.Bieber awuphendule lowo mbuzo, ngifuna ukuveza ukuthi iningi lolimi alusebenzisayo (ongqingili balimele, bahlukumezekile) yizo kanye izincazelo ongqingili manje abenqaba ukuzamukela. Ongqingili baphikelela ekutheni abasafuni ukuzibona ngale ndlela.

Isizathu sokuthi lesi siphakamiso esisha samukelwe ngamabomu ngamakhomishini amathathu e-APA futhi, ekugcineni, yiBhodi Yama-Trustee akusona ukuthi i-APA yathunjwa izinguquko ezithile noma abungqingili abafihlekile. Sibona sengathi kumele sihambisane nezikhathi. I-Psychiatry, ebikade ithathwa njengengxenye yokuhamba yenkululeko yokukhulula abantu ezinkingeni zabo, manje ibhekwa ngabaningi, futhi nokuzithethelela okuthile, njenge-ejenti yokulawulwa komphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ngokuphelele kimi ukuthi ngingasho ukuthi labo bantu abanelisekile ngokomqondo futhi abanakho ukungqubuzana ngezindlela zabo zocansi.

UDkt Bieber: Angishongo ukuthi ubungqingili ukugula kwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DSM Diagnostic Manual for Mental Disrupt nayo iqukethe ezinye izimo ezingahambisani nencazelo kaDkt Spitzer, engingazibheki njengezinkinga zengqondo, njenge-voyeurism kanye ne-fetishism. 

UDkt Spitzer: Angizange nginake kakhulu njengoDkt.Bieber ezindabeni ze-voyeurism kanye ne-fetishism, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ama-voyeurs nabathakathi namanje abakaze bahlangane futhi basiphoqa ukuba senze kanjalo. Kepha kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezimo ezithile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zifaka i-voyeurism kanye ne-fetishism engahlangabezani nenqubo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngiphinde ngikhuthaze ukubuyekezwa kwalezi zifundazwe futhi. 

Ngithanda ukukubuza: ungakusekela ukungezwa kwesimo sokusebenza ngokweqile noma ukungashadi kwe-DSM?

UDkt Bieber: Uma umuntu engenabo ubulili obusebenzayo, ngaphandle kwamalungu obuchwepheshe obuthile, njengabefundisi, kudingeka kuphi lokhu? Yebo, ngangixhasa. 

UDkt Spitzer: Manje, uyabona, lokhu kukhombisa ngokunembile ukwanda kombuzo wethu. Kunemibono emibili yesimo sokusebenza kwengqondo. Kukhona labo, njengami, abakholelwa ukuthi kufanele kube nomqondo olinganiselwe eduze nemodeli yezokwelapha, futhi kukhona labo abakholelwa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuziphatha kwengqondo okungahlangabezani nanoma iyiphi indinganiso evamile yokuziphatha okuhle - ukujaha, ubuhlanga, chauvinism, imifino , asexourse - kufanele ingezwe kusiqalo. 

Ngokususa ubutabane emagameni, asisho ukuthi yinto engajwayelekile, kodwa futhi asisho ukuthi ijwayelekile. Ngiyakholwa futhi ukuthi “okuvamile” kanye “nokungajwayelekile” akuwona, uma sikhuluma nje, amagama engqondo.

UDkt Bieber: Manje le yindaba yezincazelo.

UDkt Spitzer: Yebo, impela. Lokhu ukubamba.

UDkt Bieber: Ngikhuluma njengososayensi. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngakubeka kwacaca ukuthi, njengomxhasi wamalungelo ezenhlalo, ngiphambili emzabalazweni wamalungelo abantu bezitabane. Kodwa-ke, le yinkinga ehluke ngokuphelele. Singabantu bezengqondo. Ngokuyinhloko ngingusosayensi. Okokuqala, angingabazi ukuthi wenza iphutha elikhulu lesayensi. Okwesibili, nginesifiso semiphumela lokhu enayo ezinganeni, nakuyo yonke inkinga yokuvimbela. Ngingakhomba lonke iqembu eliyingozi ngobungqingili besilisa ngineminyaka emihlanu, eyisithupha, eyisikhombisa, nesishiyagalombili. Uma usizo lwezokwelashwa luhlinzekwa kulezi zingane, nabazali bazo, ngeke babe nobungqingili. 

UDkt Spitzer: Yebo, okokuqala, uma sikhuluma ngokusiza, ngicabanga ukuthi akusizi ukuvuma ukuthi isibalo sabantu abathandana nobungqingili abafuna usizo lincane. Inkinga yangempela ukuthi isibalo sabahlengikazi bengqondo abangasiza laba bantu sincane. Futhi inkambo yokwelashwa yinde kakhulu. 

UDkt Bieber: Akunandaba. 

UDkt Spitzer: Cha, kunendaba. 

UDkt Bieber: Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ama-frigidity kufanele abe ku-DSM? 

UDkt Spitzer: Ngingasho ukuthi uma kuwuphawu lokudangala, bese yebo. 

UDkt Bieber: Lokho wukuthi, uma owesifazane ebanda, kepha engacasulwa yilokhu, khona-ke ... 

UDkt Spitzer: Akanakho ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. 

UDkt Bieber: Ngakho-ke ngenxa ye-frigidity ngabe uhlose ukwethula ngezigaba ezimbili? Konke okusalayo yi-frigidity, ebangela usizi, akunjalo? 

UDkt Spitzer: Cha, angiqiniseki ukuthi kunjalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona umehluko. Nge-frigidity, umsebenzi womzimba ngokungenakuphikwa kwenzeka lapho umsebenzi wawo awuhlosile. Lokhu kuhlukile kubungqingili. 

UDkt Bieber: Iphuzu lami yilokhu: kwi-DSM yamanje, kunezimo ezingekho neze ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Angibheki ubungqingili njengokugula kwengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kulokhu kuhlangana. Kodwa-ke, ngiwubheka njengomonakalo ekusebenzeni kwezocansi, obangelwa ukwesaba kwengqondo. Ubungqingili luphatha iDSM ngendlela efanayo ne-frigidity, ngoba ukufiphala nakho kuwumsebenzi wokuya ocansini okubangelwa ukwesaba. 

Isihleli: Ngabe umehluko muphi usho ubungqingili njengokugula kwengqondo eDSM noma cha? 

UDkt Spitzer: Lokhu, kunjalo, kunomthelela wangempela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Ngicabanga ukuthi akukho kungabaza ukuthi bekunzima kwabaningi bezengqondo ukuphatha abongqingili ababefuna usizo ngemibandela engeyona yobungqingili babo.

Ngikhumbula ukuthi umuntu ongungqingili weza kanjani kimi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, owadangala ngemuva kokuhlukana nesithandwa sakhe. Ukucacisile kimi ukuthi akafuni ukuthintwa ubungqingili bakhe. Ngamtshela ukuthi angikwazi ukubhekana nengxenye yesimo sakhe kuphela, ngoba ngikholwa ukuthi izinkinga zakhe zixhumene nobungqingili bakhe. 

Ngicabanga ukuthi ongqingili abaningi bakhetha ukungalufuni usizo lwengqondo ngoba besaba ukuthi ubungqingili babo buzohlaselwa. Lolu shintsho luzosiza ukuphathwa kwabongqingili lapho bafuna ukwelashwa, kepha bangafuni ukuthi ubulili babo bungaphazamiseki. 

UDkt Bieber: Ngichazela isiguli ukuthi sizoba nobungqingili noma ubungqingili, futhi lokho esikwenzayo ngempilo yayo yezocansi yisinqumo sayo. Umsebenzi wami ukumsiza axazulule izinkinga zakhe eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, futhi, kufanele sidwebe umugqa phakathi kwendlela yesayensi nezinhloso zokusebenzisa, noma ngabe ezenhlalo, ezepolitiki noma eziheha ezinye iziguli. 

UDkt Spitzer: Ngithanda ukucaphuna uFreud, owathi ngo-1935, ephendula incwadi evela kumama ongungqingili, wathi okulandelayo: “Ngikuzwile encwadini yakho ukuthi indodana yakho ingungqingili. Ubungqingili ngokungangabazeki akusiyo inzuzo, kepha akusona isizathu sokujabha, noma ububi noma ukonakaliswa. Ngeke ihlukaniswe njengesifo. Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungukuhlukahluka kobucansi obudalwa ukumiswa okuthile ekuthuthukiseni ezocansi. " Kungasiphi isizathu ongavumelani nombono kaFreud wokuthi ubungqingili akusona isifo? Noma manje uthi awusiboni njengesifo? 

UDkt Bieber: Angikaze ngithi yisifo. Ake ngikunikeze incazelo yokusebenza: ubungqingili obudala buyimpinda noma ukuziphatha okuthandwa ngokocansi phakathi kwamalungu wobulili obufanayo, okuqhutshwa ukwesaba. 

UDkt Spitzer: Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi emsebenzini wethu bazovuma ukuthi amagama kaDkt Bieber angahle abhekise kubantu abathile abathandana nobungqingili. Kepha sikuthola kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kubo bonke abantu abathandana nobungqingili - manje noma kwamanye amasiko, njengeGrisi yakudala, lapho kwakukhona khona uhlobo lobungqingili.

UDkt Bieber: Ngibeka isimangalo sokwazi isipiliyoni kuphela kuhlaka lwamasiko anamuhla aseNtshonalanga. Konke engikushoyo kusebenza kuphela esikweni lethu lakhathesi. Ngingakutshela amasiko ambalwa lapho ubungqingili bungekho nhlobo. Isibonelo, ku-Israeli kibbutzim cishe ayikho ngokuphelele. 

UDkt Spitzer: Le ngxoxo bekufanele ngabe imayelana nokuthi ubungqingili buyisifo yini. 

UDkt Bieber: Akayena yena. 

UDkt Spitzer: UDkt Bieber ufuna ukuchaza ubungqingili. I-APA ivumelana naye ukuthi lesi akusona isifo, kodwa akasho ukuthi siyini. 

UDkt Bieber: I-APA ayivumelani nami. Ukusuka ekuphindeni kabusha kwe-APA, kulandela ukuthi ubungqingili buyindlela evamile, efanayo nobungqingili. Ngikusho ukuthi ubungqingili kungukulimaza kwengqondo umsebenzi, futhi yindawo yawo kuyo yonke imikhombandlela yokusebenza kwengqondo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngibheka ubungqingili njengesifo ukwedlula ukuthi ngibheka ukugula njengesifo. Kodwa ngenkathi into efana ne-frigidity izohola phakathi kweziyaluyalu zokusebenza kocansi, ubungqingili kufanele nabo bukhona. Futhi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili - ukuthatha abongqingili abalimele kakhulu, futhi uthi akufanele abe seDSM, kepha alimale kancane, ogcine ithuba lokubuyisa ubungqingili bakhe, ukuthola inkinga yokuya ocansini - kubonakala kimi kuyinto engeyinhle. 

UDkt Spitzer: Kubukeka kukubi kuwe, ngoba ngokohlelo lwakho lwamanani, wonke umuntu kufanele abe nobungqingili.

UDkt Bieber: Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi lolu “uhlelo lwamanani”? Ingabe ngicabanga ukuthi bonke ongqingili namuhla kufanele babe abantu bobulili obuhlukile? Vele akunjalo. Kukhona ongqingili abaningi, mhlawumbe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kubo, okungaseyona inketho kubo.

UDkt Spitzer: Kodwa ingabe kufanele baphile nomuzwa wokuthi ubungqingili babo bulimele noma bunephutha?

UDkt Bieber: Uma bafuna ukucaca, bona uqobo bayobona ukuthi ubungqingili babo buhlaselwe ngethemba.

UDkt Spitzer: Ukulimala sekuvele kufanelekile.

UDkt Bieber: Ukulimala akulona inani. Umlenze ophukile akuyona inani.

UDkt Spitzer: Angikwazi ukusebenza ngongqingili, kodwa ngeke ngikubheke njengokulimala. Nawe uzoba njalo.

UDkt Bieber: Lokhu akusikho ukulingana.

UDkt Spitzer: Ngicabanga ukuthi kunjalo. Ngokwemibono ye-psychoanalytic, sifika kulomhlaba ngobulili obuhlanekezelwe nge-polymorphically.

UDkt Bieber: Angikwemukeli lokhu.

UDkt Spitzer: Umbuso wezilwane ukhombisa ukuthi sizalwa ngempela sinempendulo yezocansi engafani nalutho. Ngenxa yesipiliyoni, yize ezinye izici zofuzo nazo zingadlala indima, iningi lethu lingabobulili obuhlukile, kanti abanye baba ngabungqingili.

UDkt Bieber: Kuyamangaza ukuthi wena, njengesazi sezinto eziphilayo, ungasho lokho. Isilwane ngasinye esifuywayo, isilwane ngasinye, esizalwayo sincike ekuzalweni kobungqingili, sinezindlela zemvelo eziqinisekisa ubungqingili.

UDkt Spitzer: Kodwa-ke, amandla okusabela kobungqingili akuyo yonke indawo embusweni wezilwane.

UDkt Bieber: Kuzodingeka uchaze "impendulo yobungqingili." Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubeke, singavumelana sobabili ukuthi ubutabane akusona isifo sengqondo.

Isihleli: Yini-ke ongavumelani nayo?

UDkt Spitzer: Hhayi, asivumelani ngokuthi kumele kuhlukaniswe kanjani ubungqingili, futhi ngifanele ngivume ukuthi kulula kimi ukusho ukuthi akufanele luhlukaniswe kanjani njengoba kufanele. Angibheki ubungqingili njengobungenaphutha njengokuthuthuka kobungqingili. Ngivumelana noFreud ukuthi kwenzeka okuthile ekuthuthukiseni imizwa yezocansi eholela ekungasebenzini noma ekuhlukaniseni ukusebenza ngobungqingili. Kodwa-ke, angifuni ukusebenzisa igama elithi “ukuphazamiseka” ngenxa yemiphumela eminingi ebandakanya.

Isihleli: Ake ngibuze umbuzo wokugcina: Uhlukanisa kanjani phakathi "kwesifo" kanye "nokuphazamiseka kokuphathelene nobulili"?

UDkt Spitzer: Angibandlululi. Isigaba esithi “Sexual Orientation Disorder” senzelwe ongqingili abangqubuzana nobungqingili babo. Abanye babo bangase bacele usizo. Abanye bangase bafune ukuba abathandana nobulili obuhlukile, abanye bangase bafune ukufunda ukuphila nobungqingili babo futhi basuse umuzwa wecala abangase babe nawo ngabo.

UDkt Bieber: Uma umsebenzi wobungqingili ongathandeki ungabuyiselwa, angifuni ukuthi acabange ukuthi unecala ngobungqingili bakhe. Ngifuna ajabule.

Source: I-New York Times, December 23, 1973

Ngaphezu kwalokho:

Umlando wokukhishwa kobungqingili ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo