Mtsogoleri wa bungwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha la GLSEN, Kulankhula Pamsonkhano wa atsogoleri a "LGBT movement" mu 1995, adalongosola momwe mapulogalamu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adayambitsidwira m'maphunziro a maphunziro a boma:

"Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ogwira mtima ndi chinsinsi cha kupambana. Iyenera kukhala yolumikizidwa ndi malingaliro wamba a anthu. Poitanitsa lipoti lathu kuti "Sukulu Zotetezedwa kwa Amatsenga Amatsenga ndi Achinyamata", tinangokakamiza adani athu m'malo otetezedwa ndikuba omwe akuwatsata. Tidawunikira momwe kusokoneza banja kumabweretsa chiwopsezo pachitetezo cha ophunzira ndikupanga nyengo yomwe zachiwawa, mavuto azachipatala komanso kudzipha ndizofala. Palibe amene anganene motsutsa mawu athu ndikuti, "Ndikuganiza kuti ophunzira safuna chitetezo, awadziphe," ndipo izi zidatilola kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yathu. ”

Mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe achisangalalo oterewa, olimbikitsa ufulu wachibadwidwe adatha kukhazikitsa makalasi okhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'masukulu, amaika mabuku awo m'malaibulale, makalabu otsegula gay, etc. Pomunamizira kupewa zachiwawa komanso kudzipha, amalimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi vuto m'maganizo a ana opanda nzeru popanda chidziwitso cha makolo awo. Nkhani yawo yayikulu kwa ana: "Musayese kuponderezana ndi malingaliro anu, kuti munabadwa mwanjira imeneyi. Tulukani ndipo mudzinyadire kuti ndinu amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. ” Amalimbikitsanso ana kuti “awone zomwe ali amuna ndi akazi” ndikuyesera kugonana. Chifukwa chake, buku loti lili ndi gawo la chisanu ndi chinayi likuti "kugonana ndi malo oyeserera, zolakwika ndi zomwe munthu angafune," ndikuti "kuyesa luso lanu pakugona muubwana kungakhale bwino ndi anzanu."

M'malo mwake, kuyika achinyamata pazomwe amachita amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumawonjezera mwayi wawo wodzipha nthawi za 5.

Chokwanira kwambiri kuyang'ana kwa zaka zoposa 30 ndi kuchitidwa ku Sweden, kumene chikhalidwe chimathandizira kwambiri "anthu a transgender", akulemba kusokonezeka kwawo m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Zaka 10-15 pambuyo pa opaleshoni yobwezeretsanso kugonana, chiwerengero cha kudzipha pakati pa omwe anachitidwa opaleshoni yokonzanso kugonana chinawonjezeka ka 20 poyerekeza ndi anzawo ofanana nawo.

Ziwerengero zoyesayesa kudzipha za kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi 4.6%, pakati pa LGB - 20%, ndi mwa anthu amtundu wa transgender - 41%, ndiye kuti pafupifupi sekondi iliyonse. Otsutsa a LGBT akufulumira kufotokozera ziwonetsero zachisonizi ndi "tsankho" komanso "kuponderezedwa" ndi anthu "osalolera", koma zomwe mayiko olekerera komanso magulu azikhalidwe zazing'ono zikusonyeza sizili choncho.

Chiwerengero cha odzipha pakati pa "abambo ochepa" kumayiko monga Denmark, Netherlands, Finland kapena Sweden, komwe sakukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu, amakhalabe kutalika kwambirimonga kwina konse. Modabwitsa, kuvomereza pagulu kogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi kuvutika pakati pa LGB. Khalidwe lodzivulaza la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha limakhala lolimba kwambiri komwe limakhala momasuka (mwachitsanzo, ku San Francisco).

Ngati titenga anthu akuda aku America, tsankho ndi kuponderezana komwe kudavomerezedwa ndi boma (onani a Jim Crow Laws), tikupeza kuti kuchuluka kwa omwe amadzipha kunalinso pansipakuposa pakati pa opondereza ake oyera. Choncho, kuponderezedwa kwa anthu sikuwonjezeka (komanso kuvomereza sikuchepa) ziŵerengero za kudzipha. Sizokhudza "kusalana" konse, koma za makhalidwe a maganizo a anthu awa. Pali gulu limodzi lokha la anthu pomwe kuchuluka kwa oyesera kudzipha ndi 20-40%, monga LGBT anthu, awa ndi schizophrenics.

Pafupifupi onse omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amati malingaliro ofuna kudzipha sanatulukepo chifukwa chodana ndi ena, koma chifukwa chodzinyenga okha ndi zomwe amachita ndi matupi awo, komanso kuchokera kumalingaliro okhumudwitsidwa ndi opanda chiyembekezo, popeza anali otsimikiza kuti palibe njira Kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, zimadziwika kuti ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ovuta komanso owoneka ovuta, omwe zomwe zimapangitsa kwambiri.

Dziwani kuti kuyesa kudzipha kumapangitsa kukhalapo kwa mavuto amisala, koma sikuti nthawi zonse kumayambitsa kudzipha. Kufufuza anthu odzipha omwe adachitika ku United States adawonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kudzipha kwa anthu a LGBT. Kudzipha kambiri kumachitika pazaka za 40-59, pamene funsoli limakhala lovuta kwambiri kusaka kwa abwenzi, kapena kusungidwa kwake (kusungulumwa), ndikuuka mavuto azaumoyo (HIV, STDs, uchidakwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo). Chiwerengero chosafunikira cha omwe adadzipha pambuyo pa zaka za 60 chikuwoneka chosangalatsa, chomwe chingawonetse zomwe zimayambitsa kudzipha sizokhudzana ndi tsankho, koma zokhudzana ndi maubwenzi apamtima, kuphatikiza omwe amakhala nawo pafupi, kapena kuchuluka kwaimfa kuchokera ku zifukwa zina.

47,8% ya amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (G.) ndi 68,8% ya akazi otsekeredwa (L.) omwe adadzipha adapezeka ndi zovuta zaumoyo wamisala. 44,5% G. ndi 51,2% L. m'mbuyomu adachitiridwapo zamisala kapena zamisala. Kudzipha kwa a Lesbian kumayamba makamaka mavuto apamtima ndi mnzanu - 70,7%Zosokoneza - 29,3%. Mwa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatumikiranso monga chifukwa chachikulu mavuto apamtima - 36,4% mikangano - 21,2%. Zochitika m'moyo zomwe zimatsogolera kudzipha zidalumikizidwa makamaka ndi zovuta zazifupi (mkati mwa masabata awiri) komanso mavuto azaumoyo.

Ku United States, njira yachilendo ingatsatidwe: kuchuluka kwa LGBT kuyesa kudzipha sikudalira kulolerana kwa boma. Ngakhale m'chigawo chomwechi, zinthu zimasiyana kwambiri: ku California, m'dziko lonselo, 19.7% ya "achinyamata a LGB" adayesa kudzipha, koma m'malo omwe anthu a LGBT amakhazikika, chiwerengero cha ana ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akufuna kudzipha chikuwonjezeka kufika 24% ku Los Angeles ndipo 31% ku San Francisco. -Francisco! (CDC 2015). Kafukufuku kusiyana pakati pa LGB ndi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'mafukufuku 13 ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana adawonetsa: chikhalidwe cha anthu ochepa omwe amagonana ndi chiwopsezo chokhazikika cha matenda amisala m'maiko osiyanasiyana, mosasamala kanthu za chithandizo cha LGBT. Izi zikusemphana ndi zomwe asayansi amayembekeza komanso zomwe asayansi akuyembekeza kale zomwe zikuwonetsa kulumikizana kwanyengo ya LGB m'boma komanso thanzi labwino lamalingaliro. Kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti panalibe kusintha pakapita nthawi, ngakhale "ukwati" wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha utavomerezedwa.

Asayansi kuyang'ana kutsika kwa kufalikira kwa ofuna kudzipha m'deralo, koma ngakhale kukula kulolerana kwa anthu a LGBT, chiŵerengero cha anthu a LGBT kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akufuna kudzipha sichinasinthe. Komanso, zina kuphunzira, yemwe adaphunzira kusintha kwa maganizo a anthu a LGBT pamene anthu adakhala olekerera, adapeza kuti ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, kusiyana kwa thanzi la maganizo pakati pa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akuwonjezeka.

Komanso zambiri za bungwe Ntchito ya Trevor osawonetsa kusintha kulikonse kwa achinyamata a LGBT pankhani yodzipha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali kuwonongeka kodziwika bwino m'maganizo awo.

Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance System ku Massachusetts zimatsimikizira Mchitidwe: Kuchokera mu 2005 mpaka 2017, kudzivulaza pakati pa anyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikunasinthe, pamene pakati pa achinyamata omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunachepa khalidwe loopsa. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti Massachusetts ndi amodzi mwa mayiko ololera kwambiri, oyamba kulembetsa maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku United States.

Ngakhale kuti omenyera ufulu wawo amayesa kutsimikizira anthu kuti kuvomerezeka kwa "ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" kumachepetsa mwayi wofuna kudzipha, asayansi aku Cambridge ochokera ku "National Bureau of Economic Research" anatsutsa nthano iyi. Ali anapezakuti kuvomerezeka kwa "ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ndi chigamulo cha khoti kumagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la maganizo a anthu a LGBT, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamagwirizane ndi kusintha kumeneku. Ndiko kuti, kuvomereza kovomerezeka kwa "maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" sikumayenda bwino, koma kumawonjezera ubwino wamaganizo a "ang'ono ogonana ogonana".

Mwa magulu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akuchita ntchito yoyeserera cholinga chabwino cha “kupewa kudzipha” pakati pa achinyamata, pali gulu la ana 404 ndi polojekiti ya It Gets Better, dzina lomwe lingatanthauzidwe kuti "Zonse zikuyenda bwino." Ntchitoyi ikuti ana omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amafunikira kudutsa nyengo yovuta yaunyamata, pambuyo pake adzakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri wa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Woyambitsa polojekitiyi, Dan Savage afotokozedwa monga zitsanzo, zomwe mabodza ake opanga maukadaulo opusitsika poyambitsa nkhanza amathandizidwa ndi andale otchuka (Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton), otchuka (Justin Bieber, Tom Hanks) ndi mabungwe (Google, Apple). Komwe kumatchedwa "kusungitsa" kumachitika, kumakhala mwayi wodzipha, kupumula kwa mabanja ndi abwenzi. Otsutsa a LGBT amalimbikitsa ana kufunikira kwa izi ndipo amafalitsa malangizo, powakakamiza kuti adziphe. Koma ndi njira yachilengedwe yopanga kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha popanda kuvomereza kuyesa koopsa, ambiri a iwo atha kupanga chikhalidwe choyenera cha kugonana.

M'malo mwake, moyo wa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ukalamba umangokhala zoyipa. Ziwerengero za Edzi, matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso matumbo, komanso zovuta zingapo zamaganizidwe ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi mchitidwe wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi APA, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse azaka zakubadwa azikhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena amwalira ndi Edzi pobadwa makumi atatu. Chiwawa kumbali ya mnzanuyo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusungulumwa, komanso kukhumudwa kumakhala kwakukulu pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Moyo umatha kukhala bwino ngati munthu asiya izi zowononga и chosokera moyo womwe umagwirizana ndi zopotozedwa machitidweyosagwirizana ndi thanzi lake komanso moyo wabwino.

Gulu la "LGBT" silingagwire ntchito popanda mabodza komanso chinyengo. Malingaliro ake onse amatsutsana ndi zowona, zomveka, zodziwika bwino, ndipo zimakhazikika pamawu osaneneka, kuwonetsa pamalingaliro, kupenda zamtsogolo. Othandizira amafalitsa mabodza okonda zawo kuchulukitsao kubadwa и kusakhazikika zake, za kufalikira kwake dziko la nyamaza iye kuvomerezedwa kale etc. Olemba amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuzindikirakuti malingaliro ngati awa ndi njira yandale yopezera zidziwitso kwa anthu ndi ufulu wapadera.

Mwina bodza lalikulu ndi loti kulimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa ana omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwe ali ndi umunthu wawo kungawathandize mwanjira ina. Kukulitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo chinyengo chawo ndi kusokonezeka ndi chinthu choipa kwambiri chomwe mungawachitire - m'maganizo, m'maganizo komanso, ndithudi, mankhwala. Achinyamatawa nthawi zambiri amafunikira thandizo lenileni, koma m'malo mwake amatsogozedwa ndi khalidwe loipa komanso lowononga lomwe limasanduka chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa pakapita nthawi. Achinyamata ambiri, makamaka amene anakumanapo ndi vuto linalake la m’maganizo, nthaŵi zambiri amadziona kuti ndi otsika, kuti palibe amene amawafuna, ndiponso kuti palibe amene adzawakonde. Pogwiritsa ntchito chipwirikiti ndi kusungulumwa komwe kumachitika mu kutha msinkhu, ochita zachiwerewere amatenga ana osokonezeka pansi pa mapiko awo, kuwapatsa "malo opatulika" m'gulu la LGBT lomwe limawapatsa chidziwitso cha chiyanjano ndi mgwirizano (zomwe zimawonetsedwa makamaka kudana ndi onse omwe samagwirizana nawo. ). Chiwonongeko ndi chisoni chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa mabanja omwe ana awo adachotsedwa ndi maguluwa ndi osawerengeka.

Palibe sanabadwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi magulu azikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe, m'malo mwa chibadwa chamunthu. Palibe chifukwa chasayansi chodzinenera kuti anthu "amabadwa mwanjira imeneyi," komanso bungwe la American Psychological Association, lomwe limachita nawo zandale pofuna kusintha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, limavomereza. Posachedwa, akatswiri otchuka a LGBT ayamba kulimbikitsa anthu ochita zachiwonetsero kuti aleke kupititsa patsogolo nthano ya "zinthu zamkati komanso zosasinthika," chifukwa umboni wa asayansi wambiri ukusimba kuti izi siziri choncho, chifukwa chake kupitiliza kutsutsana zotsutsana ndikungopusa.