Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlinzekelwa kosizo ngokwengqondo kubantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo (labo ongqingili abenqaba ukuthandwa kwabo ngocansi). Ngokuya kokuqala, kufanele bazivumelanise nokuzilinganisa nezifiso zabo zobulili futhi bazisize zijwayele impilo emphakathini onamazinga wobungqingili. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-supporative or gay affirmative therapy (eng. Qinisekisa - ukuqinisekisa, ukuqinisekisa). Indlela yesibili (ukuguqula, ukuvuselela inkanuko yezocansi, ukuphindisela, ukuhlukanisa umehluko) kuhloswe ukusiza abesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nobungqingili ukuba bashintshe indlela abathanda ngayo ukuya ocansini. Eyokuqala yalezi zindlela isuselwa esisekelweni sokuthi ubungqingili abuyona inkinga yengqondo. Kuboniswa ku-ICD - 10 ne-DSM - IV.

Ngokombono wethu, kanye nombono wokuhola ocwaningweni bezokwelapha nabasenkulisa base-Ukraine naseRussia (V.V. Krishtal, G.S. Vasilchenko, A.M. Svyadoshch, S.S. Libikh, A.A. Tkachenko) ekuphazamisekeni kokuthandwa ngokobulili (paraphilia) [1, 2]. Umbono ofanayo wabiwa ngochwepheshe abaningi e-USA futhi, ikakhulukazi, amalungu e-National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality; I-NARTH eyenziwe nge-1992 [3]. Okuthokozisayo ngumbono kulolu daba lukaprofesa wezifo zengqondo u-Yu. V. Popov - iPhini lakhe. Umqondisi Wezokucwaninga, iNhloko yoMnyango We-Adolescent Psychiatry, iSt. Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute eqanjwe ngemuva kwalokhu V. M. Bekhterev, okungazange kukhulunywe ngakho ezincwadini zethu ezedlule ngenkinga okuxoxwa ngayo. Uyaphawula ukuthi "ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuziphatha, zenhlalo, zezomthetho, uhlaka lwazo oluhlobene kakhulu futhi lungahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye emazweni ahlukene, izinhlanga nezinhlobo zenkolo, kulungile kakhulu ukukhuluma ngesimo sokuzalwa. Ngokombono wethu, inkomba ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi incazelo yesimo sezinto eziphilayo noma i-pathology (ngokusobala, lokhu kuyiqiniso kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo) kufanele kube yimpendulo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe lezi noma lezo zinguquko zinomthelela ekusindeni nasekuphindisweni kwezinhlobo noma cha. Uma sibheka kule ndawo noma yibaphi abamele abathile okuthiwa abancane ngokweqile kwezocansi, khona-ke konke lokho kungaphezu kokujwayelekile kwemvelo ”[4].

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ukungaziwa kobungqingili njengesiqhelo ngokwesimo sobulili kuyabonakala nasencwadini yezokwelapha ethi “Amamodeli wokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezifo zengqondo nezokuziphatha” ahlelwe nguV. N. Krasnov, I. Ya. Gurovich [5], savunywa yi-6 ngo-Agasti 1999. I-Order No. 311 yoMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia Federation [6]. Ibonisa isikhundla seFederal Science Science and Methodological Center for Medical Sexology and Sexopathology (Moscow) ngalolu daba. Imibono efanayo ibanjelwe eMnyangweni Wezocansi kanye ne-Medical Psychology yeKharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine [7].

Okwamanje, umphakathi wezokwelapha nomphakathi uwonke uzama ukuphoqa ukuthi umbono wokwelapha ocansini kufanele uvunyelwe, okokuqala, ngoba abantu abaphilile abakwazi ukwelashwa, njengabobungqingili, futhi, okwesibili, ngoba kungenzeka zingasebenzi. Engqungqutheleni ye-American Psychiatric Association (APA) e1994, bekuhlelwe ukuthi kuthunyelwe izethameli incwadi ethi "Isitatimende esisemthethweni mayelana nokwelashwa kwengqondo okuhloswe ngaso ukuguqula isimo sokwenza ucansi", nesivele ivunyelwe yibhodi labaphatheli besikhungo. Isinqumo, ikakhulukazi, sithe: "I-American Psychiatric Association ayisekeli noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezengqondo okusekelwe enkolelweni yezengqondo yokuthi ubungqingili ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma okuhlose ukuguqula isimo sengqondo sobuntu bomuntu." Lesi sitatimende bekuzoba yinto elahlwa ngokusemthethweni yokwelashwa okuphindayo (ukuguqulwa) njengomkhuba ongeyona imilo. Kodwa-ke, i-NARTH, ngosizo lwenhlangano yamaKristu i-Focus on the Family, yathumela izincwadi ezinhlanganweni zenhlangano ziphikisana "nokwephulwa kwezichibiyelo zokuqala." Ababhikishi bebenezingqwembe ezinesiqubulo esithi "APA akuyona iGAYPA." Ngenxa yalokhu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokucaciswa kwamanye amagama, ukwamukelwa kwalesi sitatimende kubambezelekile, okuyi-NARTH ne-Exodus International okubheka njenge- [8] yabo ukunqoba kwabo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Exodus International yinhlangano yamaKristu ahlangana ndawonye namagatsha e-85 e-35 ithi, okuyiyo, ikakhulukazi, esebenza ukuthuthukisa isifiso sobungqingili, futhi uma lokhu kungaphumeleli, asize ongqingili ukuthi bahlukane nokuxhumana nabobulili babo ubulili. Kuze kube manje, kuyafundiswa imfundiso yenkolo, kuhlangene nokwelulekwa ngamaqembu. Imizamo igxile ekulimaleni kwezingane, okutsho ngokusho kwabathile kule nhlangano, okuyimbangela yobungqingili (ukungabikho kukamama noma ubaba, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, isihluku sabazali). Kubikwa ukuthi ku-30% yamacala, lo msebenzi uveza imiphumela emihle [9]. Kamuva (e2008) kwavela inqwaba yezincwadi kwi-Intanethi zazisa ukuthi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaseMelika uStan Jones noMark Yarhaus baqhuba ucwaningo phakathi kwamalungu e-98 ale nhlangano, umsebenzi wawo owenziwa ukuguqula isimo sabo sobungqingili esingafuneki. Ngokusho kwabo, imiphumela emihle yayiyi-38%. Abaphenyi baqinisekisile ukuthi imiphumela yokuguqula ayizange iholele kunoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yengqondo kubo bonke abantu be-98, ephikisana nokufakwa kwabamelene nale miphumela, abathi iyingozi kwi-psyche yabantu.

Zombili lezi zingxabano, eziholela ekwenqatsheni kwenguqulo yokuguqula (ubungqingili buyinto evamile, ukwelashwa kokuguqula akusizi), akunangqineka. Kulokhu, kuhle ukubika ukuthi ukufakwa kobungqingili ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo iDSM yenzeka kanjena. NgoDisemba 15, i-1973, ukuvota kokuqala kwe-Bureau ye-American Psychiatric Association kwenzeka, lapho i-13 yamalungu ayo e-15 bavotela ukuthi bangaqedi ubungqingili kwirejista yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Lokhu kudale umbhikisho ovela ezinhlakeni eziningi ochwepheshe, okwathi uma kubhekwa onompempe kulolu daba, waqoqa amasiginesha afanele e-200. Ngo-Ephreli 1974, ukuvota kwenzeka lapho ukuvota okungaphansi kwenkulungwane ye-10 yama-5854 kwaqinisekisa isinqumo se-presidium. Kodwa-ke, i-3810 ayimazanga. Le ndaba yabizwa ngokuthi "yihlazo lokwehlela" ngezizathu zokuxazulula inkinga "yesayensi" ngokuvotela umlando wezesayensi icala elihlukile [10].

Mayelana nemizamo yokudicilela phansi ubungqingili, isazi esidume ngokusobala saseRussia uSolwazi A. A. Tkachenko [11] siphawula ukuthi isinqumo se-American Psychiatric Association "siphefumulelwe ingcindezi yenhlangano elwela amalungelo abantu besifazane", futhi "nencazelo yasebenza ngalezi zimo, okuyinto eyeqisayo, (ngeshwa, okuphindwe kaningi ku-ICD-10) kuyaphikisana nemigomo yokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha, uma kuphela ngoba kufaka amacala ahambisana nokuhlupheka kwengqondo inikezwe yi-anosognosia. " Umlobi futhi ubika ukuthi lesi sinqumo "besingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa kwemibono eyisisekelo yokusebenza kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi, incazelo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngengxenye ngayinye". Isixazululo esinegama, empeleni, isitatimende esiyisigaba sokubonisa okuvamile kokuziphatha kobungqingili.

Ukuhlaziya iqiniso lokuthi i-American Psychiatric Association ofungqingili isusiwe ekuhlolweni kokuxilongwa, i-RV Bayer [12] ithi akubanga njalo ngocwaningo lwesayensi, kepha kwakuyisenzo somqondo esidalwa wumphumela wesikhathi. Kulokhu, kutusa ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebikwe nguKristl R. Wonhold [13]. Uphawula ukuthi ukuze uqonde ngezenzo ze-APA, udinga ukubuyela esimeni sezepolitiki se-60-70-s. Lapho-ke wonke amasiko nezinkolelo zendabuko kwaqokwa. Kwakuyisikhathi sokuvukela kunoma yiziphi iziphathimandla. Kulesi simo, iqembu elincane labantu abathandana nobungqingili baseMelika baqala umkhankaso wezepolitiki wokubona ubungqingili njengendlela ehlukile yokuphila. "Ngiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ngijabule ngakho," kwakuyisiqubulo sabo esikhulu. Bakwazi ukuwina ikomidi elibukeze iDSM.

Ngokulalelwa okufushane okwandulele lesi sinqumo, odokotela bezengqondo abangama-Orthodox basolwa ngo "Freudian bias." E-1963, iNew York Medical Academy iyalele ikomidi layo lezempilo yomphakathi ukuba ilungiselele umbiko wobungqingili, ophethe ngokuthi ubungqingili empeleni buyisiphithiphithi, futhi ubungqingili bungumuntu okhubazekile ngokomzwelo, ongakwazi ukwakha ubungqingili obujwayelekile ubudlelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbiko wathi abanye ongqingili "badlulela ngaphezulu kwesimo sokuzivikela futhi baqala ukufakazela ukuthi ukuphambuka okunjalo kuyindlela yokuphila efiselekayo, enhle nethandwayo." Ku-1970, abaholi beqembu labungqingili e-APA bahlela "ukwenza okuhlelekile okuhlose ukuphazamisa imihlangano yaminyaka yonke ye-APA." Bathe ukuvikela kwabo ngokusemthethweni ngesizathu sokuthi i-APA kuthiwa imele "ukululekwa kwengqondo njengesikhungo senhlalo", hhayi njengengxenye yezintshisekelo zesayensi zabasebenzi.

Amacebo atholakele aphumelela ukusebenza kwathi ngo-1971, bevumela ingcindezi ababenayo, abagqugquzeli bengqungquthela elandelayo ye-APA bavuma ukudala ikhomishini hhayi ngobungqingili, kodwa ngobungqingili. Usihlalo wohlelo uxwayisiwe ukuthi uma ukwamukelwa kwekhomishini kungagunyazwa, khona-ke imihlangano yazo zonke izigaba izophazamiseka ngabashoshozeli bale "gay". Kodwa-ke, yize bevumile ukuvumela ongqingili uqobo lwabo ukuthi baxoxe ngokwakhiwa kwekhomishini engqungqutheleni yango-1971, izishoshovu zezitabane eWashington zanquma ukuthi kufanele ziphinde ziphinde zibhekane nezinkinga zengqondo, ngoba "ushintsho olubushelelezi kakhulu" luzoncisha ukuhamba kwesikhali sayo esikhulu - izinsongo zodlame. Kwalandelwa isicelo seGay Liberation Front sokuba sibhikishe ngoMeyi 1971. Ngokubambisana nobuholi obuphambili, isu lokuhlela lezi zidubedube lasungulwa ngokucophelela. NgoMeyi 3, 1971, odokotela bengqondo ababhikishayo bagqekeza emhlanganweni wabameleli abakhethiwe bomsebenzi wabo. Bathathe umbhobho base beyinikeza isishoshovu esingaphandle esathi: “I-Psychiatry iyinhlangano enobutha. I-Psychiatry ilwa impi engapheli yokuqothula ngokumelene nathi. Ungasithatha njengesimemezelo sempi esimelene nawe ... Siliphika ngokuphelele igunya lakho phezu kwethu. "

Akekho owaphikisa. Ngemuva kwalokho izishoshovu zalezi zenzo zivele eKomitini le-APA leThemu. "Usihlalo wayo uphakamise ukuthi mhlawumbe ukuziphatha kobungqingili akulona uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokuthi le ndlela entsha yenkinga kumele iboniswe kwi-Handbook of Diagnostics and Statistics." Lapho ngonyaka we-1973 ikomidi lihlangana emhlanganweni osemthethweni ngalolu daba, kwenziwa isinqumo ngaphambi kokusebenza ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe (bheka ngenhla).

UF. M. Mondimore [8] ngokulandelayo uchaza izehlakalo ezandulela ukwemukelwa kwalesi sinqumo. Umlobi ubika ukuthi ukungabandakanywa kobungqingili esigabeni sokuphazamiseka kwabhebhezelwa kakhulu ngumzabalazo wabantu abanokuthambekela kobulili obufanayo amalungelo abantu. I-27 NgoJuni ngoJuni 1969 eGreenwich Village (NY), isiphithiphithi sobungqingili sabangelwa ukugqekeza kwamaphoyisa asemgwaqweni oyisitabane we-Stonewall Inn kuChristopher Street. Kuthathe ubusuku bonke, futhi izitabane zasebusuku ezibuthanayo zahlangana emigwaqweni futhi, lapho zithuka khona ngamaphoyisa adlulayo, zajikijela ngamatshe zangqongqa. Ngosuku lwesibili lwesiphithiphithi, amaphoyisa angamakhulu amane asevele elwa nabongqingili abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, esibhekwa njengesiqalo somzabalazo wabantu abathandana namalungelo abantu, leli bandla, liphefumulelwe yizibonelo zenhlangano elwela amalungelo abo abamnyama kanye nokulwa impi yaseVietnam, ibilokhu inolaka futhi kwesinye isikhathi ilwa nemvelo. Umphumela wale mpi, ikakhulukazi, kwakuwukuqedwa kokuhlaselwa kwamaphoyisa ngemigoqo yezitabane. "Bekhuthazwe impumelelo yabo empini yokulwa nokuhlukumezeka kwamaphoyisa, amalungu enhlangano yamalungelo ezitabane aguqula imizamo yawo ebhekise komunye ophikisana naye wezomlando - udokotela wengqondo. E-1970, izishoshovu zezitabane zangena emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke we-American Psychiatric Association zaphambanisa nenkulumo ka-Irving Bieber ngobungqingili, zambiza 'ngendodana yesikhwanyana' phambi kozakwabo abebethukile. Igagasi lemibhikisho liphoqelele odokotela bezengqondo abathandana nobungqingili ukuthi bavikele ukungabekwa kobungqingili ohlwini olusemthethweni lokugula kwengqondo ”[8].

Esigabeni sokuqala, i-APA yanquma ukuthi ngokuzayo ukuxilongwa "kobungqingili" kumele kusetshenziswe kuphela ezimweni zobungqingili be- "ego-dystonic", okungukuthi, ezimweni lapho ukuthambekela kobungqingili kuholele "ekuhluphekeni okubonakalayo" kwesiguli. Uma isiguli samukela ubulili baso, manje bekuthathwa njengengamukeleki ukuthi simthole "njengongungqingili," okusho ukuthi, isimangalo esilandela isikhundla sasesikhundleni sokuhlola inhloso yochwepheshe. Esigabeni sesibili, amagama athi "ubungqingili" kanye "nobungqingili" asusiwe ngokuphelele kwi-DSM, ngoba lokhu kutholwa kwaziwa njenge "bandlululo "[13].

D. Davis, C. Neal [14] chaza amandla asuselwa kwesigama esihlobene nobungqingili ngale ndlela elandelayo. Baphawula ukuthi ku-1973, ubungqingili bokuqanjwa kobungqingili bebukhishwa ngaphandle ohlwini lwabaphazamisekile ngokomqondo yi-American Psychiatric Association, kodwa ku-1980 babuye bavela kulolu hlu ngaphansi kwegama elithi "ubungqingili be-ego-dystonic". Kodwa-ke, lo mqondo ususwe ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwe-DSM-III e-1987. Esikhundleni salokho, umqondo wokuthi "isifo esingachazwanga" uvele, usho ukuthi "isimo esiphikelelayo nesishiwo ukucabanga okuhambisana nokuthambekela ocansini komuntu oyedwa."

I-ICD-10 iphawula ukuthi ukuqondiswa kobungqingili kanye nokuhlobana akubonwa njengezinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhodi ye-F66.1 (ye-ego-dystonic ezocansi) iyaphawuleka, ekhombisa isimo lapho ukuthanda kwabesilisa ngokobulili noma ngokungathandabuzi kungangabazeki, kepha umuntu ngamunye kubo ufuna bahluke ngenxa yokungezwani kwengqondo noma zokuziphatha, futhi bangafuna ukwelashwa ukubashintsha. Ngokwesimo seqiniso lokuthi ukuthambekela kobungqingili kuhlukaniswe ngaphansi kubhekwa njenge-pathology ngokwayo, isifiso sokuqeda lokhu kuqondiswa, empeleni, singabhekwa njengobukhona bohlobo oluthile lokungajwayelekile [i-7].

Kodwa-ke, uChristian R. Wonhold [13] uphawula ukuthi e-1973, njengamanje, azange kube khona ukuphikisana kwesayensi kanye nobufakazi bezemitholampilo obungaxhasa ushintsho olunjalo ngesikhundla maqondana nobungqingili (ukuqashelwa njengokujwayelekile).

E-1978, ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu i-APA inqume ukukhipha "ubungqingili" kwi-DSM, kwathathwa amavoti phakathi kwezazi zezengqondo zase-10000 zaseMelika ezingamalungu ale nhlangano. Ama-68% odokotela abagcwalisa futhi ababuyisela imibuzo besabheka ubungqingili njengengxabano [13]. Kubikwa futhi ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo lwakwamanye amazwe phakathi kwezazi zengqondo ngesimo sabo sengqondo ngobungqingili lukhombisa ukuthi iningi labo libona ubungqingili njengokuziphatha okuphambukayo, yize lalingafakwanga ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo [i-15].

UJoseph Nicolosi (uJoseph Nicolosi) engxenyeni yeDiagnosis Policy engaphansi kwencwadi yakhe ethi Reparative Therapy of Male Hom ushoga. Indlela entsha yomtholampilo ”[16] ikufakazele ngokweqiniso ukungabi nasisekelo kwesayensi kwesenzo esingathi sína. Uphawula ukuthi cishe alukho ucwaningo olusha lwezengqondo noma lwezenhlalo oluthethelelayo lolu shintsho ... Lokhu kuyinqubomgomo emise ukuxoxisana okuhlelekile. Abavikeli abathandana nobungqingili ... badale ukunganaki nokudideka emphakathini waseMelika. Izishoshovu zezitabane zigcizelela ukuthi ukwamukela ubungqingili njengomuntu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemvume yobungqingili. ”

Ngokuqondene ne-ICD, isinqumo sokususa ukuthambekela kobungqingili ohlwini lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwalesi sigaba senziwe ngephutha levoti elilodwa.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubungqingili abuyona kuphela i-pathology emkhakheni wezokushayela. Ngokusho kwezifundo ezikhethekile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantu abathandana nobungqingili (izitabane nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa nabesilisa abathandana nabesifazane abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abayizitabane) kuvame kakhulu ukwedlula kwabobulili obuhlukile. Izifundo zikazwelonke ezimele ezenziwe kumasampula amakhulu abantu abathandana nobungqingili futhi zithole ukuthi iningi labantu bokuqala kulo lonke impilo (isikhathi sesikhathi) linenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukodwa noma okuthe xaxa.

Kwenziwe isifundo esikhulu sommeleli eNetherlands [17]. Lesi yisampula engahleliwe yamadoda nabesifazane be-7076 abaneminyaka engu-18 ukuya eminyakeni ye-64, eyahlolwa ukuthola ukunqwabelana kwezifo ezihlobene (zemizwa) nezinkinga zokukhathazeka, kanye nokuncika kwezidakamizwa kukho konke impilo nasezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwalabo bantu abangakaze benze ucansi ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12 (abantu be-1043), nalabo abangaphendulanga yonke imibuzo (abantu be-35), kwasala abantu be-5998. (Amadoda we-2878 nabesifazane be-31220). Phakathi kwamadoda ahlolwe, i-2,8% yabantu yayinobudlelwano bobulili obufanayo, futhi phakathi kwabesifazane abahloliwe, i-1,4%.

Ukuhlaziywa kokwehlukahlukana phakathi kwabobulili obuhlukile nabungqingili kwenziwa, okukhombisa ukuthi kukho konke impilo nasezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12, amadoda angongqingili aba nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuningi (okubandakanya, ukudangala, nokukhathazeka) ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abathandanayo. Abesilisa abathandana nobungqingili babebuye bathembele kunotshwala obunamandla. Ama-Lesbians ayehlukile kwabesifazane abathandana nabesilisa abathandanayo nabasendabeni yokucindezeleka okukhulu, kanye notshwala obuphakeme nezidakamizwa. Ikakhulu, kwatholakala ukuthi iningi labesilisa abaziphatha njengobungqingili (i-56,1%) nabesifazane (i-67,4%) banenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezimpilweni zabo zonke, ngenkathi iningi labesilisa abaziphatha ngobungqingili (i-58,6%) nabesifazane (60,9 %) kuyo yonke impilo ibingenakho ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ocwaningweni lwale mpikiswano, kuphinde kwaboniswa ukuthi ubungqingili buhlotshaniswa nokuzibulala. Lolu cwaningo luhlole umehluko ezibonakalweni zokuzibulala phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nobungqingili. Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ngisho ezweni elinobuntu obunokubekezelela ubungqingili, amadoda angongqingili asengozini enkulu yokuzibulala kunabesilisa abathandana nobungqingili. Lokhu akunakuchazwa yisimo sabo esiphakeme ngokomqondo. Kwabesifazane, ukuncika okunjalo okucacile akuzange kuvezwe [18].

E-United States, kwenziwa ucwaningo ngezinkulungwane eziningi zabantu baseMelika okuhloswe ngazo ukutadisha ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantu ababenobudlelwano bezocansi nabalingani bobulili obufanayo `[19]. Abaphenduli babuzwa ngenani labesifazane nabesilisa abathandana nabo ngokocansi kule minyaka edlule ye-5. I-2,1% yamadoda kanye ne-1,5% yabesifazane babike ukuthi baxhumana nabalingani bodwa noma abaningi abobulili obufanayo eminyakeni edlule ye-5. Kwambulwa ukuthi laba baphendule ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12. kwakukhona ukwanda okuphezulu kokuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinengqondo, kanye nemicabango nezinhlelo zokuzibulala, kunalabo abahlangana kuphela nabantu bobulili obuhlukile. Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ukuthambekela kobungqingili, okunqunywa ukuba khona kothandana naye wobulili obuhlukile, kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda okujwayelekile kwengozi yokuphazamiseka okungenhla, kanye nokuzibulala. Baphawule ukuthi kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuze bahlole izizathu zokuthi le nhlangano ibangelwa yini.

ENetherlands, kwenziwe ucwaningo ngobudlelwano obuphakathi kokudluliselwa kokuya ocansini ukunakekelwa kwengqondo [20]. Ababhali bakhomba emcabangweni wamanje wokuthi ongqingili nobungqingili mancane amathuba okuthi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha kunabobulili obuhlukile ngoba bathembela kakhulu ohlelweni lwezempilo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukufunda umehluko wesikhalazo salolu sizo, kanye nezinga lokuthembela kubaphathi bezempilo ngokuya ngesifiso sabo sobulili. Isampula yeziguli (abantu be-9684) abafaka izicelo kwizazi ezijwayelekile ihloliwe. Kwatholakala ukuthi isimo sempilo sibi kakhulu kwabesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nobungqingili uma siqhathaniswa nabobulili obuhlukile. Akukho mehluko wezocansi wokuthembela ohlelweni lwezempilo olukhonjwe phansi. Abesilisa abathandana nobungqingili bavame ukwelashwa ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo nezomuntu uthile kunabesilisa abathandanayo, futhi abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abathandanayo babevame ukwelashwa ngezinkinga zengqondo kunabesifazane abathandanayo nabobulili obuhlukile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imvamisa ephakeme yokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kubantu abathandana nobungqingili uma kuqhathaniswa nabobulili obuhlukile ingachazwa ngokwengxenye ngokwahluka kwesimo sabo sempilo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono imiphumela etholakele, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nedatha kusengaphambili yokufuna usizo lodokotela kwabesilisa nabesifazane abathandanayo.

DM Fergusson et al. [I-21] ibike ucwaningo lweminyaka engama-20 yokufunda kwengane ye-1265 yezingane ezizalwe eNew Zealand. I-2,8% yabo yayingabungqingili ngokususelwa ekuthandeni kwabo kwezocansi noma ebudlelwaneni bocansi. Imininingwane iqoqwe kumvamisa wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantu abathile ukusuka eminyakeni ye-14 kuya eminyakeni ye-21. Abantu abathandana nobungqingili babenokudlanga okuphakeme kakhulu kokudangala okukhulu, imbandezelo ejwayelekile, ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, umlutha we-nicotine, okunye ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye / noma umlutha, ukuphazamiseka okuningi, umbono wokuzibulala, nemizamo yokuzibulala. Eminye imiphumela yayihamba kanjena: I-78,6% yabobungqingili uma iqhathaniswa ne-38,2% yabobulili obuhlukile yayinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubili noma ngaphezulu; I-71,4% yabungqingili kuqhathaniswa ne-38,2% yabobulili obuhlukile babhekana nokudangala okukhulu; I-67,9% yabungqingili kuqhathaniswa ne-28% yabobulili obuhlukile babike umbono wokuzibulala; I-32,1% yabantu abathandana nobungqingili kuqhathaniswa ne-7,1% yabobulili obuhlukile ababike ngemizamo yokuzibulala. Kwatholakala ukuthi intsha enobungqingili bathandana kakhulu inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzibulala.

U-ST Russell, uM. Joyner [22] ubike ngemininingwane evela ocwaningweni olujamele izwe lonke lweningi labantu abasha base-US. Abafana be-5685 abasebasha kanye namantombazane asemasha angama-6254 bahlolwa. Ubudlelwano bezothando bobungqingili "babikwa yi-1,1% yabafana (n = 62) ne-2,0% yamantombazane (n = 125)" (Joyner, 2001). Kwembulwe okulandelayo: imizamo yokuzibulala yayinezikhathi ze-2,45 eziphakeme phakathi kwabafana abanesifiso sobungqingili kunabafana abathandana nobungqingili; ukuzama ukuzibulala bekuphindwe izikhathi ze-2,48 phakathi kwamantombazane anezifiso zobungqingili kunasemantombazaneni angabobulili obuhlukile.

King et al. [I-23] ifundele ukushicilelwa kwezemfundo kwe-13706 phakathi kukaJanuwari 1966 no-Ephreli 2005. Inqubo eyodwa noma ezingaphezulu zekhwalithi yendlela edingekayo ukufakwa ekuhlaziyeni kwe-meta ihlangabezane okungenani ne-28 yazo: isampula kusuka inani labantu ngokuvamile esikhundleni seqembu elikhethiwe, amasampula angahleliwe, i-60% noma imvamisa ephezulu yokubamba iqhaza, usayizi wesampula ulingana noma mkhulu kunabantu be-100. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwalezi zifundo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-28 kubike ingqikithi yezifundo ze-214344 zobungqingili kanye nezifundo zobungqingili ze-11971.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kwatholakala ukuthi ongqingili banokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kaningi kunabobulili obuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi, kwatholakala ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, ongqingili empilweni yonke (ukwanda kokuphila) babe nokulandelayo:

Izikhathi ze-2,58 zanda ingozi yokudangala;

Izikhathi ze-4,28 zanda ingozi yokuzama ukuzibulala;

Izikhathi ze-2,30 zanda ingozi yokuzilimaza ngenhloso.

Ukuqhathaniswa okuhambisana nokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12. (Ukuxhaphaka kwenyanga ye-12) kuveze ukuthi abesilisa abathandana nobungqingili bane:

Izikhathi ze-1,88 zanda ingozi yokuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka;

Izikhathi ze-2,41 zanda ingozi yokuba umlutha wezidakamizwa.

King et al. [I-16] ithole nokuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, ongqingili empilweni yonke (impilo yonke)

Izikhathi ze-2,05 zanda ingozi yokudangala;

Izikhathi ze-1,82 zanda ingozi yokuzama ukuzibulala.

Ukuqhathaniswa okuhambisana nokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12. (Ukuxhaphaka kwenyanga ye-12) kuveze ukuthi abesifazane abangongqingili babe:

Izikhathi ze-4,00 zanda ingozi yokuba khona kotshwala;

Izikhathi ze-3,50 zanda ingozi yokuluthwa yizidakamizwa;

Izikhathi ze-3,42 zibeka engcupheni enkulu yokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokuziphatha okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Izinga eliphansi lokuzijwayeza kwabesilisa abathandana nobungqingili lifakazelwa ucwaningo lwekhwalithi yempilo (i-QOL) ekuphikisaneni okungenhla kwamadoda amaDashi [24]. Abesilisa abathandana nobungqingili, kepha hhayi abesifazane, babehlukile kwabesilisa abathandanayo ngokobunye kwizinkomba ezahlukahlukene ze-QOL. Enye yezinto eziphambili ezithinte kabi i-QOL kumadoda angongqingili kwakuyisilinganiso sabo esiphansi sokuzithemba kwabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukushoda kobuhlobo phakathi kokuthanda ukuya ocansini kanye nezinga lempilo yabesifazane kuveza ukuthi lobu budlelwano buhlanganiswa nezinye izinto.

UJ. Nicolosi, uL. E. Nicolosi [25] ubika ukuthi imvamisa umthwalo wemfanelo ophakeme wezinkinga zengqondo phakathi kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili (abesilisa nabesifazane) kusolwa umphakathi wabo ocindezelayo. Yize abalobi bephawula ukuthi kunenani elithile leqiniso kulesi sitatimende, akunakwenzeka ukuchaza isimo samanje ngethonya lale nto kuphela. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola izinga eliphakeme lezinkinga zengqondo phakathi kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili nakulawo mazwe lapho ubungqingili belashwa kahle (Netherlands, Denmark), nalapho isimo sengqondo kuyo singavumi [26]

Isimangalo sokuthi ukwelashwa kokuguqula asikwazi ukusebenza naso siyiphutha. Lokhu kufakazelwa yinombolo yedatha. Imiphumela (J. Nicolosi et al., 2000) yocwaningo lokuqala oluhlelelwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinga lokuguqulwa (kuhlolwe abantu be-882, iminyaka yobudala - iminyaka ye-38, i-96% - abantu inkolo noma ingokomoya labo libaluleke kakhulu, i-78% - amadoda, ubude besikhathi ukwelashwa (cishe ngeminyaka ye-3,5) kukhombisa ukuthi i-45% yalabo ababezibheka njengobungqingili kuphela, bashintsha isimo sabo sobucansi baba ngokobulili obuhlukile noma baba nobungqingili kakhulu kunobungqingili [9]

Kuyajabulisa ukubona ukuthi uprofesa waseColumbia University, uRL Spitzer, obhekele iAmerican Classifier of Mental Illness (DSM), owake wanquma ukungabeki ubungqingili ohlwini lwezinkinga zengqondo, wenza isitatimende sokuthi imiphumela yokwelashwa kabusha kwabangqingili kukhuthaza ngezindlela eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwi-2003, iphephabhuku le-Archives of Sexual Behaviour lishicilele imiphumela yephrojekthi yakhe yocwaningo ukuhlola umbono wokuthi, kwabanye abantu, ukuthambekela kobungqingili okukhona kungashintsha ngenxa yokwelashwa. Le hypothesis yaqinisekiswa yinhlolovo yabantu be-200 bobabili ubulili (amadoda we-143, abesifazane be-57) [27].

Abaphenduli babike izinguquko kusiqondisi kusuka kubungqingili kuya kwabobulili obuhlukile, obuqhubeka iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu. Izifundo okwadingidwa ngazo zazingamavolontiya, isilinganiso seminyaka yamadoda yi-42, abesifazane - 44. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka izingxoxo, i-76% yamadoda kanye ne-47% yabesifazane babeganwe (ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ngokulandelana, i-21% kanye ne-18%), i-95% yabaphendulile ibimhlophe, i-76% iphumelele ekolishi, i-84% ihlala e-USA, kanti i-16% - eYurophu. I-97% yayinezimpande zobuKristu, futhi i-3% yayingamaJuda. Iningi labaphendulile (i-93%) lathi inkolo ibaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zabo. I-41% yabantu abahlolisisiwe bathi isikhashana ngaphambi kokwelashwa babeyizitabane obala (“obala izitabane”). Abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yalabo abahlolisisiwe (i-37% yamadoda kanye ne-35% yabesifazane) bavumile ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi bacabangisisa ngokuzibulala ngenxa yokuheha kwabo okungafuneki. Abakwa-78% bakhulume bemele imizamo yokuguqula isimo sabo sobungqingili.

Ingxoxo yefoni ye-45 ngemizuzu kufaka phakathi imibuzo eqondiswe kwi-114 isetshenziselwe ukuhlola izinguquko ezitholwe njengomphumela wokwelashwa. Ucwaningo lwe-RL Spitzer lugxile kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ukuheha ubulili, ukukhonjwa ngocansi, usizi lokungajabuli ngenxa yemizwa yobungqingili, imvamisa yemisebenzi yobungqingili, imvamisa yesifiso somsebenzi wobungqingili kanye nesifiso sokuba nalo, iphesenti leziqephu zokushaya indlwabu ezihambisana nemibono yobungqingili. , amaphesenti eziqephu ezinjalo ezinemicabango engafani nobungqingili nemvamisa yokuvezwa Ngingumuntu wobulili obucansi obucashile.

Njengomphumela walolu cwaningo, kutholakale ukuthi yize izimo zokushintshwa “okuphelele” kokubhalwe phansi zabhalwa kuphela ku-11% yamadoda kanye ne-37% yabesifazane, iningi labaphendulayo labika ngoshintsho kusuka kokuthambekela kokuthanda ubungqingili obukhulu ngaphambi kokuthola ukwelashwa ngenxa yokwelapha (ukuguqula) ukwelashwa. Yize kubikwa ukuthi lezi zinguquko zibonakala kubo bobabili ubulili, abesifazane besenokukhulu kakhulu. Imininingwane etholakele iveze ukuthi ngemuva kokwelashwa, iningi labaphenduli labona ukwanda okucacile komsebenzi wobungqingili futhi kwandise nokweneliseka ngakho. Abantu ababeshade bakhombise ukwaneliseka okukhulu ngokomzwelo emshadweni [27].

Ukucabanga ngemiphumela, i-RL Spitzer iyazibuza ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa kabusha kuyingozi. Futhi yena uqobo, emphendula, uthi abukho ubufakazi obunjalo maqondana nababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngombono wakhe, ngokusekelwe kokutholakele, lolu cwaningo luthola izinzuzo ezinkulu kulokho kuphathwa, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezingahambisani nokuya ocansini. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-RL Spitzer iphawula ukuthi i-American Psychiatric Association kufanele iyeke ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esiphindwe kabili esimweni sayo sokuvuselela ukwelashwa, icabanga ukuthi iyingozi futhi ayisebenzi, kanye nokwelashwa okuqinisa isitabane, okusekela futhi kuqinise ubunikazi bobungqingili, obukuvumela ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuphetheni, i-RL Spitzer yagcizelela ukuthi ochwepheshe bezempilo yezengqondo kufanele balahle ukwenqatshelwa kwabo kokwelashwa okunconywayo, okuhlose ukukushintsha ukunakwa kocansi. Ubuye waveza ukuthi iziguli eziningi ezinemininingwane mayelana nokwehluleka okungenzeka lapho zizama ukushintsha indlela yazo yokwenza ucansi, ngesisekelo semvume, zingenza isinqumo esizwakalayo ngokuqondene nomsebenzi ngendlela yokuthuthukisa amandla abo wobungqingili futhi zinciphise ukukhangwa okungathandeki kwabobungqingili [27].

Ku-2004, umuzwa kwaba ukuvela engqungqutheleni ye-NARTH yalowo owayengumongameli we-American Psychological Association, uDkt Robert Perloff, usosayensi odume umhlaba wonke. Okuxakayo ukuthi phambilini yena uqobo wayeyilungu leKhomishini yale nhlangano ebhekise kwabancane kwezocansi. Ekhuluma engqungqutheleni, uR. Perlov umemezele ukuthi uyabasekela labo abelaphi abahlonipha izinkolelo zamakhasimende futhi bamnikeze umuthi wokuguqula isimo lapho sibonisa izifiso zakhe. Uveze "ukuqiniseka kwakhe okukhulu ukuthi inkululeko yokuzikhethela kufanele ilawule ukuthambekela kobulili ... Uma ongqingili bafuna ukuguqula ubulili babo bube ngokobulili obuhlukile, manje-ke lesi yisinqumo sabo, futhi alikho iqembu elinentshisekelo, kufaka phakathi umphakathi wezitabane, okufanele lingenelele ... Kunelungelo lomuntu lokuzinqumela ezocansi. "

Ebonisa ukwamukelwa kwakhe kwesikhundla se-NARTH, uR. Perlov ugcizelele ukuthi "INARTH ihlonipha umbono weklayenti ngalinye, ukuzimela nokuzikhethela kwalo ... umuntu ngamunye unelungelo lokumemezela amalungelo akhe ukuzazisa ngobungqingili noma ukuthuthukisa ikhono lakhe lobungqingili. Ilungelo lokuphathwa ukuze ushintshe ukunakwa ocansini kubhekwa njengokubonakalayo futhi akunakwa. ” Ubalule ukuthi ubhalisela ngokuphelele lesi sikhundla seNARTH. UDkt Perlov uphinde futhi wabika ngenani elikhulayo lezifundo eziphikisana nombono othandwayo e-US wokuthi ukushintsha isimo sokwenza ucansi akunakwenzeka. Ngokubona ukuthi inani lezimpendulo ezakhayo ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha selikhule eminyakeni yamuva, unxuse abelaphi ukuthi bajwayelane nomsebenzi we-NARTH, futhi wachaza nemizamo yabagqugquzeli bezitabane ukuthi bathule noma bagxeke la maqiniso ngokuthi “ayinandaba, iyaphendulwa futhi ilandelwa kude” [28, 29].

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi inkinga yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa kokuguqula kanye nokusebenza kwayo kutuswa kakhulu kwezepolitiki. Lokhu kuboniswe ezitatimendeni ngokusho kwalolu hlobo lokwelashwa okufanele lubekwe eceleni kwemizamo yokuguqula ubuzwe noma ubuzwe bobuzwe abamnyama, abantu bobuzwe baseCaucasian kanye namaJuda. Ngakho-ke, labo abakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bashintshe indlela yokuziphatha kwabobungqingili bazama ukubabandlulula, bababeke ethubeni lokucwasana nabacwasi, ama-anti-amaSemite futhi, ngokuvamile, nazo zonke izinhlobo zobungqingili. Kodwa-ke, leyo mizamo ayinakuthathwa njengeyanele, ngoba umbuzo wokujwayelekile noma ulusizo lomjaho noma ubuzwe kanye nokuqhamuka nezimpawu zobunikazi bobuzwe kanye nobuzwe ngeke kuphakanyiswe ngenxa yokungaqondakali ngokuphelele. Ngokubandlululwa okunjalo, abameli bokwelashwa kokuguqulwa bafuna ukwesatshiswa ukuthi kungenzeka babe sesimweni esingakhululeki neze.

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2006, kwakukhona umyalezo mayelana nesitatimende esijabulisayo esenziwa ngumongameli we-American Psychological Association, uDkt Herald P. Koocher, asenza ngenyanga efanayo. Ngokwesitatimende sakhe, uphule isikhundla sokuthi le nhlangano isenesikhathi eside iphikisana "nokwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile" kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili. UMnu Cooker waphawula ukuthi le nhlangano izokweseka ukwelashwa kwengqondo kulabo bantu abahlangabezana nokuhehwa okungathandeki kwabobungqingili. Ekhuluma nodokotela wezengqondo uJoseph Nicolosi, owayengumongameli ngaleso sikhathi, emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke weAmerican Psychological Association eNew Orleans, uthe le nhlangano "ayihambisani nodokotela bezengqondo abasiza labo abakhathazekile ngokuheha okungathandeki kwabobungqingili." Ubuye futhi wakugcizelela ukuthi, uma isiguli sizimele / sizimele futhi sihlonipha nenketho yakhe, ikhodi yokuziphatha yenhlangano, vele, izofaka ukwelashwa ngokwengqondo kulabo abafuna ukuqeda ukuheha ubungqingili.

I-American Psychological Association kade yanenzondo emsebenzini weNARTH, yathi yimizamo yokuguqula isimo sokuya ocansini kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili nokubandlululwa kwabo. Ephawula ngalesi sitatimende, uDkt Dean Byrd, udokotela wezengqondo e-NARTH, owayekade enguMongameli wawo, waphawula ukuthi empeleni umbono ovezwe nguDkt Cooker namuhla ufana nesikhundla se-NARTH. Ubuye waveza ukuthi bayathemba ukuthi ingxoxo enezithelo phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano ezimbili ingaqala ngalolu daba olubaluleke kakhulu [i-30].

Mayelana nalokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi ephephabhukwini le-American Psychological Association "Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Exercise, Training" ("Psychotherapy: Theory, research, Exercise, Training") i-athikili yakhishwa kwi2002, lapho kwaphakanyiswa khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kabusha kwe-reorienting (ukuguqulwa) ngokocansi, kucatshangelwa ukwakheka kwenani lomuntu siqu, kungaba okusebenzayo futhi okusebenzayo [31].

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesitatimende esenziwe ngumongameli we-American Psychological Association, akukho sivumelwano phakathi kwamalungu aso mayelana nokwelashwa kokuguqulwa kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili, inhloso yokuguqula isimo sesifiso sobulili kusuka ebungqingili. Ngakho-ke, kwi-29 ngo-Agasti 2006, abezindaba zeCybercast News Service bamemezele isitatimende esishiwo ngummeli walesi sikhungo abathi akukho sizathu sesayensi ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa, futhi akunakulunga [ngokusho kwe-30].

Mayelana nalokhu, isitatimende sikaClinton Anderson, umqondisi we-American Psychological Association Office yeLesbian, Gay kanye neBisexual Concerns, esidinga ukuqondwa futhi kuxoxwe ngaso, siyathakazelisa kakhulu. . Ngokusho kwakhe, akaphumi ukuthi "ubungqingili bushiya abanye abantu", futhi akacabangi ukuthi noma ngubani uzophikisana nomqondo wethuba lokushintshwa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyaziwa ukuthi abobulili obuhlukile bangaba yizitabane nabantu abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandanayo. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kunengqondo ukuthi abanye abathandana abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile bangaba ngabobulili obuhlukile. Inkinga akuyona ukuthi ukutjheja ubulili kungaguquka, kepha noma ngabe ukwelashwa kungakushintsha [ngokusho kwe-32].

UJoseph Nicolosi uphawule ngalesi sitatimende kanjena: “Labo bethu abaye balwa isikhathi eside kangaka ukuthi i-APA (i-American Psychological Association) iguquke, bayayazisa imvume kaMnu Anderson ikakhulukazi ngoba ungusihlalo we-APA Gay kanye neLesbian Lesigaba. Kepha asiqondi ukuthi kungani ecabanga ukuthi lolu shintsho alunakwenzeka ehhovisi lezokwelapha. ” UDkt Nicolosi ubuye waveza ukuthi u-Anderson angathanda ukuthola incazelo mayelana nokuthi yini okuthiwa ikhona ehhovisi lezokwelapha futhi ivimbele ukuguqulwa kokwenza ucansi. NgokukaJ. Nicolosi, izinqubo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelapha zidala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zoshintsho olunjalo futhi zidlula namathuba akhona ngaphandle kwehhovisi [ngokusho kwe-32].

Ukususwa kobungqingili esigabeni se-pathology kuhambisane nokuvinjwa kokucwaninga kwakhe futhi kwaba yinto enkulu emvimbela ukwelashwa kwakhe. Leli qiniso liphinde laphazamisa ukuxhumana kwezazi ochwepheshe ngalolu daba. I-lull ocwaningweni lwalungengenxa yobunye ubufakazi besayensi obusha obukhombisa ukuthi ubungqingili yinguqulo evamile nenempilo yobuntu babantu. Esikhundleni salokho, sekuyimfashini ukungaxoxi ngale [16].

UDkt. Nicolosi ukhuluma ngezizathu ezimbili zokusiza abantu eziye zaba neqhaza ekukhutshweni kobungqingili ohlwini lwabaphazamisekile emqondweni. Okokuqala kwalokhu ukuthi abasebenza ngokusebenza kwengqondo babenethemba lokuqeda ubandlululo emphakathini ngokususa ukubandlulula kwalesi sifo okubhekiswe kubantu abathandana nobungqingili [12, 33]. Saqala iqiniso lokuthi ngokuqhubeka nokuhlonza ubungqingili, sizoqinisa ubandlululo lomphakathi kanye nobuhlungu bomuntu ongungqingili.

Isizathu sesibili, ngokusho komlobi okhonjiwe, bekungukuthi izazi zengqondo azikwazi ukukhomba ngokusobala izimbangela zengqondo zobungqingili, futhi-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwalo okuphumelelayo. Izinga lokwelapha lalingaphansi, futhi kulolo cwaningo olubike ukuphumelela ngokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa (iphesenti yamakhasimende eguqulwe kwabobulili obuhlukile ukusuka ku-15% laya ku-30%), kube nombuzo wokuthi ngabe imiphumela igcinwe isikhathi eside yini. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kokwelashwa akufanele kube yizindlela zokunquma okujwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sikhuluma ngokunengqondo, okusho ukuthi, uma okuthile kungenakulungiswa, ngakho-ke akuphukile. Lokhu noma le nkinga ayikwazi ukwenqatshwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekhambi elisebenzayo lokwelashwa [i-16].

Ukwenqatshwa kokuguqula ukwelashwa kwabantu abathandana nabobungqingili, kususelwa ekungenelweni kobungqingili esigabeni se-pathology, kuholele ekutheni ukubandlulula sekuqalile kulabo labo izimiso zenhlalo nezokuziphatha zenqaba ubungqingili babo. “Sikhohliwe ngabantu abathandana nobungqingili okuthi ngenxa yombono ohlukile wobuqotho bomuntu, bafuna ukuguquka ngosizo lwe-psychotherapy. Ngeshwa, la madoda abelwa isigaba sokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo (ukudangala), hhayi amadoda anesibindi, ukuthi ayini, amadoda azibophelele kumbono weqiniso / wangempela ... Kuyingozi enkulu ukuthi iklayenti uqobo lidangele, njengochwepheshe lowo ufuna usizo, umtshele ukuthi lokhu akuyona inkinga, nokuthi kufanele akwamukele. Lesi simo sidicilela phansi iklayenti futhi senze umzabalazo wakhe wokunqoba ubungqingili ube nzima kakhulu ”[16, k. I-12 - 13].

Abanye abantu, kuphawula uJ. Nicolosi [16], echaza umuntu, agxile kuphela ekuziphatheni kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, amaklayenti enzelwa ukwelashwa kwakhe ubona ukuthambekela kwabo kobungqingili nokuziphatha njengokwangaphandle kwemvelo yabo yangempela. Kulamadoda, amanani, izimiso zokuziphatha namasiko anquma ubunikazi bawo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunemizwa yezocansi. Ukuziphatha kwezocansi, umbhali ugcizelela, ukuthi isici esisodwa kuphela sobunikazi bomuntu, esihlala sijula, sikhula futhi sishintsha ngisho nasebudlelwaneni baso nabanye.

Ekuphetheni, uphawula ukuthi isayensi yezengqondo kufanele ithathe umthwalo wemfanelo ekuthatheni isinqumo sokuthi indlela yokuphila yobungqingili iphilile nokuthi ubunikazi bayo bujwayelekile yini, futhi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kufanele ziqhubeke nokufunda izimbangela zobungqingili futhi zithuthukise nokwelashwa kwalo. Umbhali akakholelwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila yesitabane ingaba nempilo, futhi ubunikazi bobungqingili buyi-sythoniconic ngokuphelele [16].

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imiphumela yokuguqulwa yenziwa, ikakhulukazi, ngokusebenzisa i-hypnosis, ukuqeqeshwa komuntu, i-psychoanalysis, isimilo (isimilo), ukuqonda, ukwelashwa kweqembu kanye nethonya elithambekele enkolweni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusetshenziswe indlela yokuqeda amandla nokucubungula ngokunyakaza kwamehlo (i-DPDG) [34] eyenziwe nguFrancis Shapiro [35] ngale njongo.

G. S. Kocharyan

IKharkov Medical Academy ye-Postgraduate Education

Amagama agqamile: ukuthandwa okungathandeki kobungqingili, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, izindlela ezimbili.

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