Iningi lokuqukethwe ngezansi lishicilelwa embikweni wokuhlaziya. "I-rhetoric of theungqedi lobungqingili ngenxa yamaqiniso esayensi". doi:10.12731/978-5-907208-04-9, ISBN 978-5-907208-04-9

Esinye seziqubulo zenhlangano i- "LGBT" isitatimende sokuthi ingxenye yabantu abakhangwa abobungqingili kuthiwa yi-10% - okusho ukuthi, njalo eshumini. Eqinisweni, ngokwezifundo ezinkulu zesimanjemanje ezenziwa e-United States kanye namazwe e-European Union (okungukuthi, emazweni lapho ubungqingili busekelwa ngokugcwele futhi buvikelwa yimishini yombuso), inani labantu abazibiza ngokuthi bangongqingili liyahlukahluka lisuka ku- <1% lize lifike kwabathathu %.

Sivelaphi isitatimende esithi "10%", esisetshenziswa kakhulu yi "LGBTKIAP +", inhlangano kwabezindaba, sikhombisa ibhizinisi namasiko?

Enhlizweni yalenganekwane kukhona izitatimende ezihlanekezelwe nezithathwe ngaphandle komqondo wesazi sezomnotho saseMelika u-Alfred Kinsey, okwathi e-1941, ngaphansi kwezimali zeRockefeller Foundation, waqala ukuqoqa imininingwane ngempilo yobulili yabantu baseMelika. Ku-1948, uKinsey ushicilele umbiko onesihloko esithi “The Life Life of a Male Woman” (I-Kinsey xnumx), lapho kwenziwa khona izitatimende “ezinengqondo” eziningi ezibeka isisekelo salokho okubizwa ngokuthi “inguquko yezocansi” eMelika:

• UKinsey waveza ukuthi ukuziphatha okubi nokuphambuka kwezocansi kudlangile phakathi kwezakhamizi zaseMelika kunokuba bona uqobo becabanga ngakho (Reisman xnumx, k. 2);
• U-Kinsey uhlongoze isilinganiso esikhethekile sokuheha ngokobulili kusuka kumazinga we-7: kusuka kuqondiswe kuphela kwabobulili obuhlukile, ukuqondiswa kuphela ebulilini bakhe (I-Kinsey xnumx, k. 639, 651, 656). Kulesi sikalo, amanani ajwayelekile akhombisa ukuheha okuphindwe kabili, ngaleyo ndlela izimo ezithathwa njengokuphambuka zalingana nezomzimba (I-Kinsey xnumx, k. 639, 651, 656);
• UKinsey waveza ukuthi ucansi phakathi kwabafana nabesilisa alunangozi njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili (Marotta xnumx, k. 36);
• kusampula yaseKinsey 8,% yabaphenduli besilisa babike ukuthi balala nezilwane (I-Kinsey xnumx, k. 667);
  Ekugcineni, kusampula yaseKinsey, cishe i-10% yamadoda ahlolwe athi enza okungaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu phakathi kweminyaka ye-16 ne-55, kanye ne-4% yamadoda akwenze lokhu empilweni yabo yonke (I-Kinsey xnumx, k. 65)

Ngabe ukutadisha kukaKinsey kwanele futhi imiphumela yayo inengqondo? Ochwepheshe babheka imisebenzi ka-Alfred Kinsey kusukela emihlanganweni emibili: kusuka kwendlela yokuziphatha nokuziphatha.

I-Kinsey Methodological Inaccuracies

Njengoba abantu ejwayelekile yama-40's bengafuni ukukhuluma ngemininingwane yempilo yabo obusondelene, uKinsey kwadingeka afune amavolontiya phakathi kwabaxoshwayo - emajele, emihumeni, ema-brothels, njll. Ngakho-ke, i-25% yabantu kwisampula saseKinsey kungenzeka ukuthi babeziboshwa esikhathini samanje noma ababeke bagwetshwa izigwebo zejele esikhathini esidlule, kanti i-5% yesampula kwakuyizifebe zesilisa (I-Kinsey xnumx, k. 216). Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekukhona amakhulukhulu emigoqo yobungqingili evela emishinini yobungqingili, izinduna, amasela, abaphangi, kanye nama-9 pedophiles asampula. Kwakuyizindaba zabo ezethulwe njengobulili obujwayelekile nobandile bomuntu ojwayelekile waseMelika, ngesisekelo lapho kwasungulwa khona ukunyakaza “kwamalungelo” wobungqingili.

Ku-1954, ikomidi le-American Statistical Association, elalihlanganisa ososayensi abasezingeni lomhlaba: isazi sezibalo uJohn Tukey kanye nesibalo uWilliam Cochran, baphetha ngokuthi:

"Sibheka ukugxekwa okuningana kombiko kaKinsey ukuthi izitatimende ezivusa inkolelo eziningi ezenziwe ngababhali musa ukuthembela kudatha eyethulwe embikweni... Akuchazwa ukuthi ubufakazi obunjalo bususelwa kubuphi ubufakazi ... Iziphetho ezithathwe emininingwaneni ethulwe kulo mbiko zenziwe ngababhali ngendlela yokuzethemba ngokweqile ... Ngokubambisana, lokhu kugxekwa kukhombisa ukuthi iningi lombiko alihlangabezani namazinga okushicilelwa kwesayensi okulungile "(I-Cochran xnumx, k. 152).

Iziphetho zikaKinsey zincike emiphumeleni yocwaningo lweqembu elikhethwe ngokuzimela labantu abajwayelanayo, ngenkathi ucwaningo olunembile ngokwezifundo kufanele lwenziwe eqenjini elingahleliwe (isb. Likhethwe ngokungahleliwe) iqembu. Ikakhulu, uTukey waphawula: «iqembu elikhethwe ngokungahleliwe labantu abathathu lizobe limelele kakhulu kuneqembu labantu abangamakhulu amathathu uMnu Kinsey» (New York Times 2000, kk. A19).

Isazi sezengqondo u-Abraham Maslow, umsunguli we- "Maslow's need piramidi" odumile, wengeze ukuthi uKinsey akazange acabangele ubandlululo oluhambisana neqiniso lokuthi imininingwane yayiqoqwa kuphela amavolontiya ayefuna ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni, ngakho-ke isampula leKinsey alimeleli ngokuphelele (Maslow xnumx, k. 259).

Nakhu okubhalwa ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo u-Edmund Bergler nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane uWilliam Kroger abhala ngalesi sifiso sokubamba iqhaza esifundweni saseKinsey emsebenzini wabo "Inganekwane kaKinsey yobulili besifazane: amaqiniso ezokwelapha":

"... Impilo esondelene yomuntu ojwayelekile kuyindaba yomuntu siqu ejulile, ngakho ukucabanga kukaKinsey ukuthi amavolontiya akhe akhuluma iqiniso ayabuzwa. Abantu abathi kuzo zonke ezinye izimo bakhuluma iqiniso bavame ukujabha eqinisweni lapho kukhulunywa ngocansi. Owesifazane ojwayelekile waleso sikhathi namasiko, uphendula imibuzo ngempilo yakhe yezocansi, ubethi "Musa ukunamathela ikhala lakho ebhizinisini lakho." Imvamisa, impilo yobulili besifazane isuselwa esifisweni somshado, uthando, nokuba ngumama, kepha imisebenzi efanayo ayifakiwe embikweni weKinsey.

Ukuvuleleka kwamavolontiya ocwaningweni lukaKinsey kungahle kususelwe ezifisweni zawo ezifihliwe ezisekelwe kuma-neuroses ocansi. Ukuntuleka kolwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwengqondo okunamandla kwenza iKinsey yaduka; wayengaqondi ukuthi amavolontiya akhe ayelungele ukukhuluma, ngoba ayengama-neurotic. Balamukele ithuba lokufakazela ubumsolwa bokuphambuka kwezinsizakalo zocansi ... "(I-Bergler 1954).

UBerggler wabiza iKinsey ukukhipha iphupho lakhe, nemibiko yakhe «izindaba ezingamanani ezisuselwa ekubandlululweni okuchazwe ngaphambilini» (I-Bergler 1956, k. 62).

Ngonyaka we-2004, iqembu elaliqala ukubizwa ngokuthi yi- "American Legislative Exchange Council", elalihlanganisa abameli, amasekela wezemigwaqo yezwe kanye neCongress, amaseneta (mayelana nochwepheshe be-2400 isiyonke), ngemuva kocwaningo lweminyaka emihlanu, ashicilele isiphetho sokuthi "umsebenzi kaKinsey ususelwe kwizibalo zamanga kanti ezinye noma izinqumo zomthetho ezisuselwa emiphumeleni yalo msebenzi azinasisekelo ”(I-ALEC 2004).

"Indlela kaKinsey ingachazwa kafushane ngesibonelo esilula: ake sithi unquma ukuthola isibalo sabantu abayimilutha yezidakamizwa edolobheni elinabantu abangu-10 abayizinkulungwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthi uxoxisane nabo bonke abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi bese ubala inani lezidakamizwa. Noma ukuthola isampula engaba ngummeleli (omele), okungukuthi, izomelela kahle sonke isibalo somuzi: ngeminyaka, ubulili, umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, njll. Ake sithi isampula yabantu be-500, amadoda we-250, abesifazane be-250, yonke imikhakha yobudala, esifundeni ngasinye ngokuya ngesibalo sawo, njll. Nokho, ukwenze ngendlela ehlukile. Cabanga isibhedlela sasedolobheni esinomnyango we-toxicology. Usebenzisa inani leziguli ezikulesi sibhedlela njengesampula bese ukhomba iziguli ezilashwa emnyangweni we-toxicology njengabantu abayimilutha yezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, uma kuneziguli ze-50 esibhedlela, zazo i-5 zisemnyangweni we-toxicology, uzothola idatha "evusa imizwa" esezingeni lokuluthwa kwezidakamizwa edolobheni: 10%. Yize empeleni umphumela wakho uzoba yi-0,05% yabantu basemadolobheni, akulona iqiniso ukuthi zonke iziguli eziku-toxology ziyimilutha yezidakamizwa. "

Zibonisani?

Kusukela ku-1948, imiphumela kaKinsey ayiphindwanga kwezinye izifundo ezinkulu. Izindlela zokuvota ezilungiswe ngendlela efanele ezenziwa ezweni lonke ezibandakanya izinkulungwane zabaphenduli emazweni lapho ukuthambekela kobungqingili kuthokozela ukusekelwa okugcwele kombuso akuzange kuveze noma amanani asondele kwimiphumela yeKinsey.

UDkt Neil Whitehead uhlinzeka ngomsebenzi wakhe ukubuyekeza kwezifundo ezingaphezu kwe-30 ezenziwa emazweni aseNtshonalanga ngaphambi konyaka we-2010 (I-Whitehead 2018, k. 40). Idatha ayidluli i-2.4%

Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kocwaningo lwesayensi lwesimanje ukuze kuhlolwe inani labantu abathandana nobungqingili nengxoxo yokuthi ngubani okufanele acatshangwe njengabantu abanjalo ezifundweni kunikezwa emsebenzini kaDkt Sprigg noDaily (I-Sprigg 2004, k. 35 - 53).

Izici zokuziphatha ezinhle zomsebenzi nokuphila kukaKinsey

Abaphenyi banaka imininingwane yokuziphatha kwemisebenzi kaKinsey. Akagcinanga ngokuqoqa imininingwane, kepha futhi wakudala, eqopha izenzo zocansi zozakwabo kanye nabangane egumbini lakhe eliphansi (Reisman xnumx, k. 73). Ngokusho kukaJinsey biologist uJames Jones: "Ngesikhathi ngisebenza kuphrojekthi yaseKinsey, bekumele ulale nomkakhe, yena neyakho, ngezinhloso ze" science, vele " (ISutherland xnumx) Lapho kuvela ukuthi izihloko zaseKinsey, yize zinolwazi oluningi “lokuhlangenwe nakho okucebile”, zanikeza izimpendulo ezingezinhle emibuzweni ethile mayelana nezindlela ezithile zokuthuthuka "zokuziphatha zocansi, izindlela zokuvuselela zisetshenziswa kubo (ukusolwa" kwemfihlo "kanye nomvuzo" wobuhlakani "), kanye uma lokhu kungasizanga, udokotela uqobo wahlela izimpendulo, wenza “isichibiyelo sezibalo zokuphikwa” (I-Jasper xnumx) U-Kinsey wayenesifiso esikhulu "ocansini lwezingane": wasebenzisana nabasondelezi ngesimo sokugcina ukungaziwa kwabo futhi wabhala phansi ngamagama abo “kuma-orgasms” kubafana be-preubertal (kusuka ezinyangeni ze-5 kuya eminyakeni ye-14). I-orgasm kaKinsey yachazwa kanjena: “Ukushayisana okukhulu kakhulu ngokuquleka okukhulu, ukuminyanisa, ukububula, ukukhala noma ukukhala okunamandla, kwesinye isikhathi ngezinyembezi eziningi, kuquleka. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-orgasm, bangaxosha umlingani futhi benze imizamo enobudlova yokugwema umvuthwandaba wabo, yize bathola ubumnandi obungenakungatshazwa ngalesi simo ”. Etafuleni le-34 lomsebenzi weKinsey oshiwo ngenhla (I-Kinsey xnumx, k. 180) iqukethe idatha enyanyekayo mayelana nezingane ze-24, kufaka nomfana oneminyaka engu-4 oneminyaka engu-24 “orgasms” emahoreni we-26.

Phakathi kokunye, njengengxenye yomkhankaso "wokufundisa" uKinsey ukhombise izingane amafilimu ngenhlanganisela yezimbungulu, ubukele ukusabela kwazo kulokho okukhonjiswa esibukweni (I-gathorne-hardy xnumx, k. 347).

UKinsey wayengumsekeli wobudlelwano “obuvulekile” emshadweni, waze waba nesivumelwano nonkosikazi wakhe uClara McMillen ukuthi bangakopela omunye komunye nabantu; UKinsey, phakathi “kwabanye abantu,” kwakuyizitshudeni zakhe zangaphambili kanye nababhali abambisene noClyde Martin noWardell Pomeroy, futhi uMartin wayethandana nomuntu wakhe (I-Baumgartner xnumx, k. 48; Umthetho we-2009; UJones 1997) Kamuva, bobabili uMartin noPomeroy nabo baba odokotela abahlonishwayo kwezocansi baseMelika. Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezindaba zezindlela zokusebenza nokuziphatha emsebenzini kaKinsey kwenziwa ngumcwaningi uJudith Reisman, isizwana somphakathi waseMelika, udokotela kanye nothisha bezomthetho eYunivesithi yaseLiberty eVirginia; imiphumela yocwaningo ishicilelwe ezincwadini eziningana (Reisman xnumx, 1998, 2006).

Okushiwo abamele inhlangano ye-LGBT

Namuhla, lapho ubungqingili buziqhamukele emphakathini waseNtshonalanga, futhi ukudalulwa kwesitatimende samanga cishe ngamaphesenti ayishumi wobungqingili ngeke kushintshe lutho esimweni sabo esikhethekile, abanye abaholi benhlangano ye-LGBT bayavuma ukuthi isibalo "i-10%" sisetshenziswe njengeqhinga lobuhlakani bezepolitiki, ngoba sasihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukunganakwa. UTom Stoddard, inhloko yeSundda Legal Def defense Fund, inhlangano yezitabane yaseMelika, ukusho lokhu engxoxweni abe nayo nephephabhuku iNewsweek American: "... sisebenzise lesi sibalo ukunikeza isithombe sokuthi sikhulu ..." (Ro Ro P. P. Mangaki izitabane akhona. Newsweek. 1993 Feb 15; 46). UJill Harris, okhulumela abakwa-Act-up, enye inhlangano yobungqingili baseMelika, uthe ngesisusa sokusebenzisa inombolo ese10%: "Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu bebelokhu bazi ukuthi lo mbono" ngamunye kwabayishumi "wayewukweqisa, kepha bekuyindlela enhle yokuheha abantu ukhombise ukuthi silapha" (UJeremiah Amafilimu 1993).

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ufinyelele esiphethweni ngesimo somzimba wanoma iyiphi into esekelwe ekwandeni kwesibalo sabantu?

Ngokuqondene nalelo phesenti elincane labobungqingili elibonwa ezindaweni zokuvota ezingenhla: ukwanda kwezibalo okwenzekile akubonisi neze "ubunjalo" babo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kuze kube namuhla, kuhlale kunamaphesenti athile obugebengu emphakathini, ngesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu, amanye amancane, kepha leli phesenti alikaze libe zero (I-FBI 2015; I-Harrendorf xnumx) Eqinisweni, ubugebengu kungathiwa buwuphawu “lwemvelo” lomphakathi. Ngabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ubugebengu "buyinto evamile" kumuntu, yokuthi umphakathi kufanele wenqabe ukulwa nawo, ngoba "ungokwemvelo"? Iningi labantu libamba umkhuhlane ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, futhi izibalo zenza sikwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile imvamisa nokwanda kwezifo zokuphefumula (Bariffi xnumx) Kodwa-ke, bahlala isifo. Ukudlanga kokuphazamiseka kobuntu kusuka ku-6% kuya ku-10,6% phakathi kwesibalo sabantu (ILenzenweger 2008) Ku-43% yabesifazane kanye ne-31% yamadoda, kuvela inkinga eyodwa noma enye yezocansi: ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, hyposecretion yezinduna zangasese, njll. (ULaumann 1999). Izinkinga zokukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa kuthinta i-17% kuya ku-26% yabantu baseMelika (UKessler 1994) Kodwa-ke, imvamisa ephezulu yalezi zimo esintwini ayisona isisekelo sokuzihlukanisa njengendaba yengqondo.

ISIFUNDO

• Ukushicilelwa kweKinsey, imiphumela yayo esetshenziswa njengengxabano yokugcizelela i-10% yabantu abahehe ubulili obufanayo, kunemaphutha asenkambisweni (futhi yokuziphatha);

• Ucwaningo olwenziwe kusukela kushicilelwe umsebenzi weKinsey e-United States, eBrithani, eCanada nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, okuhlanganisa amasampula okungenani abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa zeminyaka yonke, kukhombisa ukuthi inani labantu abaziveza njengabongqingili abafinyeleli i-10%, ezifundweni eziningi inkomba ibanga lisuka ngaphansi kwe-1% liye kwi-3% ephezulu;

• Ubuntu obudumile phakathi kwenhlangano yokwenzela ukuthambekela kobungqingili buqinisekisa ukuthi bakweqile isibalo ngezinhloso zenkulumo-ze;

• Ukuqashelwa kwesimo esiveni asisho lutho mayelana nokuhlalisana kwayo ngokwasemzimbeni kanye nokuma kwayo ngokomzimba.

UKWAZI OKUFANELEKILE

Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Komndeni. Umdlalo weNumeri: Yiliphi Iphesenti Lephupho Labantu? Umbiko okhethekile. I-URL: http://www.familyresearchinst.org/2009/02/the-numbers-game-what-percentage-of-the-population-is-gay/ 

I-Whitehead NE, i-Whitehead BK. Isifo Sami Sofuzo Sangenza Ngakwenza! Ubungqingili kanye nobufakazi besayensi. Whitehead Associates. I-2016. Isahluko II "Izinombolo zobungqingili zikhombisa ukwanda okukhona".

Sprigg P., Dailey T., eds. Ukukuthola Kuqondile: Lokho Ucwaningo Olukhombisa Ngobungqingili. Umkhandlu Wokucwaninga Komndeni, eWashington 2004.

Reisman J. Ukuhlonitshwa Okuntshontshiwe Kwebiwe Ubumsulwa: Indlela IMelika Yakhashelwa Ngayo Amanga Namacala Ocansi Ohlanya “Lososayensi”.; Abashicileli abasha be-Revolution (i-2012).

Reisman J, Eichel EW. I-Kinsey, ezocansi kanye nokukhwabanisa: Ukuqanjwa Kwabantu .; IHuntington House; ILafayette, LA (1990). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Sex_and_Fraud.pdf 

Reisman J., et al. IKinsey: Amacala Nemiphumela: Indlovukazi Ebomvu kanye neGrand Scheme. Isikhungo Semfundo Yezindaba; ICrestwood, KY (1998). http://www.drjudithreisman.com/archives/Kinsey_Crimes_and_Consequences.pdf

Reisman J., et al. I-Attic kaKinsey: Indaba Eshaqisayo Yendlela Ukugula Komuntu Oyedwa Okuwushintshe Ngayo Umhlaba. Ukushicilela kweCumberland House (2006).

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