Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abahleli bamaphephabhuku wezokwelapha abedume kakhulu emhlabeni. kuqashelwe, lokho "Ingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi zesayensi, mhlawumbe uhhafu, kungaba ngamanga.".

Okunye ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo esidabukisayo sesayensi yanamuhla kwethulwe ososayensi abathathu baseMelika - uJames Lindsay, uHelen Plakrose noPeter Bogossyan, okuthi unyaka wonke babhale ngabomu imibhalo engasho lutho futhi engenangqondo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi yezenhlalo ukufakazela: umbono kulo mkhakha kudala yanqoba ukuqonda okuvamile. 

“Kukhona okonakele ezifundweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile ezithinta abantu. Umsebenzi wesayensi, isekelwe hhayi kangako ekufuneni iqiniso njengoba ngokukhokha intela yokungalungi kwezenhlalo, bathatha indawo eqinile (uma kungenamandla) lapho, neyabo Ababhali baya ngokuya bephoqa abafundi, abaphathi neminye iminyango ukuthi ilandele ukubukwa kwabo. Lokhu kubukwa komhlaba akuyona into yesayensi futhi ayinembile. Kwabaningi, le nkinga yaba sobala ngokwandayo, kodwa ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda babungekho. Ngalesi sizathu, sinikele unyaka wonke emsebenzini emkhakheni wesayensi obalulekile kule nkinga. ”

Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2017, ososayensi abangaphansi kwamagama angamanga bathumele ama-athikili aqanjiwe angu-20 kumajenali esayensi abuyekezwa ngontanga, ethulwe njengocwaningo lwesayensi oluvamile. Izihloko zemisebenzi zazihlukahluka, kodwa zonke zazizinikele ekubonakalisweni okuhlukahlukene kokulwa "nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle": izifundo zobufazi, isiko lobudoda, izindaba zethiyori yobuhlanga, ukuthambekela kobulili, ubuhle bomzimba, njalonjalo. I-athikili ngayinye ibeka inkolelo-mbono engabaza kakhulu egxeka "ukwakhiwa komphakathi" (ngokwesibonelo, izindima zobulili).

Ngokombono wesayensi, izindatshana zazingamampunge futhi azizange zimele ukugxekwa. Imibono eyabekwa phambili yayingasekelwa yizibalo ezikhonjiwe, kwesinye isikhathi zazibhekisa emithonjeni engekho noma imisebenzi yombhali ofanayo wamanga, njalonjalo. Isibonelo, isihloko se-The Dog Park sathi abacwaningi bazizwa izitho zangasese zezinja ezicishe zibe ngu-10 XNUMX, bebuza abanikazi bazo ngokobulili bezilwane abazifuyile. Omunye udaba uphakamise ukuphoqwa kwabafundi abamhlophe ukuthi balalele izinkulumo bebe behleli phansi ehholo beboshwe ngamaketanga njengesijeziso sobugqila babokhokho babo. Kwesithathu, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nokusongela impilo, kwaphakanyiswa njengendlela yokuphila enempilo - "ukwakha umzimba". Owesine uphakamise ukuthi ukushaya indlwabu, lapho owesilisa ecabanga ngowesifazane wangempela emiqondweni yakhe, kuyisenzo sodlame locansi olubhekiswe kuye. I-athikili ka-Dildo yancoma ukuthi ukungena kwamadoda ngokwabo ngama-dildos ukuze bangabi nokukhohlisa okuthe xaxa, bathande abesifazane kakhulu, futhi bazwele ngokwethusayo ngokwesiko lokudlwengula. Futhi esinye sezindatshana ezikhuluma ngesihloko sobufazi - "Umzabalazo wethu ngumzabalazo wami" - sasiyisahluko esivela encwadini ka-Adolf Hitler ethi "Mein Kampf", sichazwe ngendlela yabesifazane. 

Lezi zihloko zibuyekezwe ngempumelelo futhi zashicilelwa kumajenali esayensi abuyekezwa ngontanga. Ngenxa “yomlingiswa wabo oyisibonelo wesayensi,” ababhali baze bathola izimemo ezi-4 zokuba ababuyekezi ezincwadini zesayensi, futhi enye yezihloko ezingenangqondo, “Dog Park,” yaziqhenya ngendawo ohlwini lwezihloko ezihamba phambili kujenali ehamba phambili igeography yabesifazane, Ubulili, Indawo kanye Namasiko. I-thesis yale opus yayimi kanje:

“Amapaki ezinja avuna ukudlwengula futhi ayikhaya lesiko elikhulayo lokudlwengulwa kwezinja lapho kwenzeka khona ukucindezelwa okuhleliwe “kwenja ecindezelwe,” okulinganisa indlela abantu ababhekana ngayo nazo zombili lezi zinkinga. Lokhu kunikeza ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokuxosha amadoda ebudloveni kanye nokucwasa ajwayele ukukuthola.” 

Umbuzo okuwukuphela komunye wababuyekezi owuphakamisile ukuthi ngabe abacwaningi bakubheka yini ukudlwengulwa kwenja ngehora., nokuthi bahlukumeza ubumfihlo bezinja ngokuzwa izitho zangasese zazo.

Ababhali bathi uhlelo lokubuyekezwa, okufanele lusetshenzise ukucwaswa, aluhlangabezani nezidingo kulezi zinhlaka. Amasheke namabhalansi anokungabaza okufanele aqaphele inqubo yesayensi athathelwa indawo yisitela isiqinisekiso sokukhetha, okuholela ukufundwa kwalezi zindaba ngokuqhubekayo nasendleleni efanele. Ngokusekelwe ezicashunweni ezivela ezincwadini ezikhona, cishe noma iyiphi into esemfashinini yezepolitiki, ngisho neyihlanya kakhulu, ingashicilelwa ngaphansi kwesicabha “sokufunda okuphezulu,” ngoba umuntu obuza noma yiluphi ucwaningo emkhakheni wobunikazi, amalungelo kanye nengcindezelo usengozini yokusolwa umqondo omncane kanye nokuchema.

Njengomphumela womsebenzi wethu, saqala ukubiza ucwaningo emkhakheni wezamasiko nobunikazi babo ngokuthi "ucwaningo oludabukisayo," ngoba inhloso yabo ejwayelekile ukufaka izinkinga kumasiko ngemininingwane enkulu, emzameni wokuthola ukungalingani kwamandla nokucindezelwa okugxile ekuthini ungubani. Sikholwa ukuthi izingqikithi zobulili, ubunikazi bobuhlanga kanye nobuhlobo bezocansi ngokuqinisekile kufanele zenziwe ucwaningo,  kepha kubalulekile ukuthi uzihlole kahle, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Isiko lethu lithi yizinhlobo ezithile kuphela zeziphetho ezamukelekayo—isibonelo, ubumhlophe noma ubudoda kumele kube yinkinga. Ukulwa nokubonakaliswa kokungabi nabulungisa emphakathini kubekwe ngaphezu kweqiniso eliqondile. Lapho imibono eyesabekayo nengenangqondo isiyenziwe yaba imfashini yezombangazwe, bathola ukusekelwa emazingeni aphezulu “okucwaninga ngezikhalo” kwezemfundo. Nakuba umsebenzi wethu unzima noma unephutha ngamabomu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi cishe awuhlukaniseki kweminye imisebenzi kule mikhakha.

Yini eyaqeda ukuhlolwa

Kwemisebenzi ye-20 ebhalwe phansi, okungenani eyisikhombisa ibukezwe ososayensi abaholayo futhi bamukelwa ukushicilelwa. “Okungenani eziyisikhombisa” - ngoba ezinye izindatshana eziyisikhombisa zazisesigabeni sokucatshangelwa nokubuyekezwa ngaleso sikhathi lapho ososayensi bekufanele bayeke ukuhlolwa futhi baveze i-incognito yabo.

"Ucwaningo" olushicilelwe lwaluyihlaya kangangokuthi aluzange ludonse ukunaka kososayensi abangathí sina ababonisa ukungabi nangqondo kwalo, kodwa nezintatheli ezazama ukusungula ubunikazi bomlobi. Lapho umlobeli weWall Street Journal ebiza inombolo eshiywe ababhali kwelinye lamahhovisi abahleli ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, uJames Lindsay waphendula ngokwakhe. Uprofesa akazange afihle futhi wakhuluma ngokwethembeka mayelana nokuhlolwa kwakhe, ecela kuphela ukuthi angakwenzi kutholakale emphakathini jikelele okwamanje, ukuze yena nabangane bakhe abaphikisayo banqamule iphrojekthi ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi bafingqe imiphumela yayo.

Yini okulandelayo?

Lesi sihlava sithusa abantu baseMelika - futhi ikakhulukazi abaseNtshonalanga - umphakathi wesayensi. Izifundiswa ezingathandekiyo azigcini nje ngokugxeka abashisekayo, kodwa futhi nabasekeli abazwakalisa ukubasekela kwabo ngenkuthalo. UJames Lindsey uqophe umlayezo wevidiyo echaza izisusa zabo.

Kodwa-ke, abalobi bokuhlolwa bathi indlela eyodwa noma enye idumela labo emphakathini wesayensi libhujiswa, futhi bona ngokwabo abalindele lutho oluhle. UBoghossian uyazethemba ukuthi uzoxoshwa enyuvesi noma ajeziswe ngenye indlela. UPluckrose unovalo lokuthi angase angamukelwa ezifundweni zobudokotela. Futhi uLindsay uthi manje usezophenduka “isifundiswa”, ozovalwa kukho kokubili ukufundisa nokushicilela imisebenzi yesayensi ebucayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bonke bayavuma ukuthi iphrojekthi iyazithethelela.

"Ingozi yokuthi ucwaningo oluchemile luzoqhubeka nokuba nomthelela emfundweni, abezindaba, ezombusazwe namasiko mbi kakhulu kithi kunanoma yimiphi imiphumela esingabhekana nayo thina." - kusho uJames Lindsay.

Amaphephabhuku esayensi lapho kwashicilelwa khona imisebenzi engelona iqiniso athembisa ukuwasusa kumawebhusayithi awo, kepha akazange aphawule ngalesi sihlava.

Okulandelayo kucashunwe encwadini evulekile evela kososayensi “Izifundo Zokukhalaza Kwezemfundo Nenkohlakalo Yesayensi".

Kungani senze lokhu? Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi singabacwasi ngokobuhlanga, ngokobulili, ngokweqile, ngobuqili, ngesimo sobuntu, sobugebengu, transysterical, anthropocentric, sinenkinga, sinenhlanhla, siyisidlakela, silungile, amadoda amhlophe angashadile (nomuntu oyedwa omhlophe okhombise isidingo sakhe esingaphakathi sobuntu nesidingo esikhulu ukuvunywa), owayefuna ukuzithethelela ngokweqile, ukuze balondoloze ilungelo labo futhi bahlanganyele nenzondo? - cha. Akukho kulokhu okulandelayo. Noma kunjalo, simangalelwa ngalokhu, futhi siyaqonda ukuthi kungani.

Inkinga esifunda ngayo ibaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela nge-academy, kodwa futhi nomhlaba wangempela nawo wonke umuntu okuyo. Ngemuva kokuchitha unyaka emkhakheni wesayensi yezenhlalo kanye nobuntu,
egxile ezindabeni zobulungiswa bezenhlalo,
nokuthola ukwamukelwa uchwepheshe, ngaphezu kokubona imiphumela ehlukanisayo nelimazayo yokusetshenziswa kwazo izishoshovu noquqaba ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, manje singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi azilungile futhi azilungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhakha yezifundo ayiqhubeki nomsebenzi obalulekile nohloniphekile wenkululeko yezinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu—ziyingcolisa kuphela ngokusebenzisa igama layo elihle ukudayisela umphakathi “amafutha enyoka” emphakathini onempilo yawo iqhubeka nokuba buthaka. Ukwembula ukungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo futhi ukubonise abangabazayo, ucwaningo kule ndawo kufanele lube lwesayensi eqinile. Okwamanje, akunjalo, futhi yilokhu kanye okuvumela ukuthi izindaba zobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle zinganakwa. Lolu wudaba olubucayi olukhathaza kakhulu futhi kumele silubhekisise.

Le nkinga imele ukuqiniseka okuphelele, okucishe kube ngcwele noma okungcwele ngokuphelele ukuthi eziningi zeziphakamiso ezijwayelekile zokuba ngumphakathi zakhiwe emphakathini. Lezi zinhlaka zibonwa cishe zincike ngokuphelele ekusakazweni kwamandla phakathi kwamaqembu abantu, okuvame ukubekelwa ubulili, ubuhlanga, nobunikazi bobulili noma bobulili. Zonke izinhlinzeko ezamukelwa ngokuvamile ngesisekelo sobufakazi obukholisayo zivezwa njengomkhiqizo wamacebo anenhloso futhi engahlosile wamaqembu anethonya ukuze alondoloze amandla awo ngaphezu kwalabo ababencishwe amathuba. Ukubukwa komhlaba okunjalo kudala isibopho sokuziphatha sokuqeda lezi zinhlaka. 

"Izakhi zomphakathi" ezijwayelekile ezithathwa njengezinenkinga "futhi okuthiwa zidinga ukubhekelelwa zibandakanya:

• Ukwaziswa kokwehluka kwengqondo nokuqonda phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, okungachaza, okungenani ngokwengxenye, kungani benza izinqumo ezihlukile maqondana nomsebenzi, ubulili nempilo yomndeni;

• umbono wokuthi okubizwa ngokuthi “umuthi waseNtshonalanga” (yize ososayensi abaningi abavelele bezokwelapha bengaveli eNtshonalanga) uphakeme kunezindlela zokuphilisa zendabuko noma zokomoya;

• Inkolelo yokuthi ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga yempilo efushane ebhekise impilo, hhayi ukubhecwa ngokungakhethi futhi nokukhetha umzimba okunempilo nokuhle ngokomzimba.

Sithathe lo msebenzi ukuze sitadishe, siqonde futhi sidalule ubuqiniso bocwaningo oludabukisayo, lokonakalisa ucwaningo lwezifundo. Njengoba ingxoxo evulekile nethembekile ngezihloko zobunikazi obufana nobulili, ubuhlanga, ubulili kanye nezocansi (nalabo abazifundayo) akunakwenzeka, inhloso yethu ukuqala lezi zingxoxo futhi. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzonikeza abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abakholelwa ekukhululekeni, inqubekelaphambili, isimanje, ucwaningo oluvulelekile kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo, isizathu esicacile sokubheka ubuhlanya obungenangqondo obuvela kubafundi bezishoshovu nezishoshovu bese bethi: “Cha, angivumelani nami ngalokhu. Awungikhulumeli. "

Ngokusekelwe ezintweni BBC и Areo

Indaba iyaqhubeka

Senze okuphambene. Imibhalo eminingana yashicilelwa kumaphephabhuku wesayensi abukeza ontanga, ayengashayi emhlolweni ngokwezepolitiki, kepha ngokwesayensi, emva kwalokho ashicilelwa njenge-monograph. Lezi zihloko ziphikisana nemibono ekhuthazwe yipolitiki eyakhiwe izazi zobungqingili.

I-rhetoric ye-LGBT movement* ekukhanyeni kwamaqiniso esayensi