Nkhani yowona za munthu yemwe kale anali wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, yofotokoza za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa "gay" wamba - chiwerewere chosatha, chiwerewere ndi matenda okhudzana nawo, zibonga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mavuto am'mimba, kukhumudwa komanso kusakhutira, kusakhutira ndi kusungulumwa. zomwe zonyansa ndi Datura zimangopereka mpumulo kwakanthawi. Nkhaniyi ili ndi mfundo zonyansa za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi zotsatira zake, zomwe zimasiya ndowe zonyansa zomwe mosakayikira zidzakhala zovuta kwa owerenga wamba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amafotokozera zonse molondola kufalitsa zoyipa za moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zikuchulukirachulukira ngati utoto wa utoto wokongola. Zikuwonetsa chowonadi chowawa cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga momwe ziliri - scabbyopusa ndi opanda chisoni. "Kukhala gay" kumatanthauza kuvutika ndi kupweteka kumayikidwa mu chimbudzi ndi magazi, mmalo mongogwira m'manja mwa anyamata aku maso akulu aku Kawaii yoyoynyh zopeka zabodza.
Werengani zambiri »Zosungidwa Zamgulu: Zolemba
nkhani
Mavuto a gulu la "gay" kudzera m'maso mwa anthu amkati
Mu 1989, omenyera ufulu awiri amtundu wa Harvard lofalitsidwa buku lofotokoza chikonzero cha kusintha kwa malingaliro pakati pa anthu wamba kuti agwirizane ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kudzera mu kufalitsa, mfundo zoyambirira zomwe zikukambidwa apa. M'mutu wotsiriza wa bukuli, olemba adafotokoza molondola za 10 zovuta zazikulu mu mchitidwe wa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe ziyenera kuyankhidwa kuti akwaniritse chithunzithunzi chawo pamaso pa anthu wamba. Olembawo alemba kuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakana mitundu yonse yamakhalidwe; kuti amagonana m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, ndipo ngati alowa mnjira, amayamba kufuula za kuponderezana ndi kuchitirana zachinyengo kunyumba; kuti ndi amwano, achiwerewere, odzikonda, okonda zabodza, azisoni, osakhulupirika, ankhanza, odziwononga, okana zenizeni, zopanda pake, malingaliro andale komanso malingaliro openga. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti zaka za 40 zapitazo, mikhalidwe iyi inali pafupifupi imodzi ndi imodzi yofotokozedwa ndi dokotala wazachipatala wodziwika bwino dzina lake Edmund Bergler, yemwe adaphunzira za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa zaka 30 ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi "wolemba nkhani wofunika kwambiri" pankhaniyi. Zinatengera olemba oposa masamba a 80 kuti afotokoze mavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi moyo wa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Womenyera ufulu wa LGBT Igor Kochetkov (munthu yemwe akuchita ngati wothandizila kunja) m'nkhani yake "Mphamvu zandale zadziko lonse la LGBT: momwe ochita zachiwonetsero akwaniritsira cholinga chawo" adanena kuti bukuli lakhala ABC ya ogwiritsa ntchito a LGBT padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizaponso ku Russia, ndipo ambiri akupitilizabe kutsatira mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwamo. Kufunso: "Kodi anthu a LGBT achotsa mavutowa?" Igor Kochetkov adayankha pomuchotsa ndikufunsa chikwangwani, zikuwoneka kuti zikutsimikizira kuti mavutowo adatsalabe. Lotsatira ndi kufotokozera mwachidule.
Lesbianism: zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake
Kugonana kwa akazi kumatchedwa kuti lesbianism (nthawi zambiri sapphism, tribadism). Mawuwa amachokera ku dzina la chilumba chachi Greek chotchedwa Lesbos, pomwe ndakatulo yakale yachi Greek ya Sappho idabadwira ndikukhalamo, m'ma aya momwe muli malingaliro achikondi pakati pa azimayi. Poyerekeza ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa akazi okhaokha sikunaphunzire kwambiri. Maubwenzi ogonana amuna okhaokha pakati pa akazi, mwachilengedwe, sakhala owononga kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mavuto ocheperako, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chofunikira chofotokozera zomwe zikuchitika mderali. Komabe, kuyambira zazing'ono zomwe zimadziwika kuti azimayi omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chithunzicho sichitanthauza utawaleza. Amayi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ovutikirapo matenda amisala ndikuwonetsa zovuta zingapo zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo: maubale apafupi, uchidakwa, fodya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nkhanza za anzawo komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana pogonana. Amayi achiwerewere achikulire, kuposa anzawo ogonana amuna kapena akazi anzawo, kumvera chiopsezo chotenga kunenepa kwambiri ndi khansa ya m'mawere, и nthawi zambiri Nenani za kukhalapo kwa nyamakazi, mphumu, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, kuchuluka kwamatenda operewera komanso kudwala kawirikawiri.
Werengani zambiri »
Jan Goland pothandizidwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (kuyankhulana kwapadera kwamavidiyo)
Maulosi
Koyambilira kwa 1990, olimbana ndi amuna okhaokha ku America adayesetsa kuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha azindikire kuti ndi "gulu lotetezedwa" lapadera ku Khothi Lalikulu. Kuti gulu lina la anthu alandire chitetezo, liyenera kukhala loyambirira, lokhalokha komanso lokhalitsa (zomwe gay siili). Motere, olimbana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo amayambitsa nthano zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatengedwa mosavuta ndikufalitsa ndi zofalitsa. Mosiyana ndi zenizeni za sayansi komanso malingaliro wamba, zidanenedwa kuti munthu m'modzi mwa khumi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo kuti kukopeka ndi kugonana ndi khalidwe lobadwa nalo, ngati liwiro, lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi jini lapadera komanso losasinthika ngati khungu. Poyesera kuti adzifanane ndi magulu amtundu wina omwe kale anali oponderezedwa, ochita zachiwerewere mpaka adapanga mawu osayenera monga "zazing'ono zakugonana" komanso "anthu ogonana".
Werengani zambiri »
Nthano ya "kusiyana muubongo"
Monga chitsimikiziro cha "kubadwa" kwa kukopeka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omenyera ufulu wa LGBT nthawi zambiri amatchula kuphunzira Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamaganizo a Simon LeVay wochokera ku 1991, pomwe adapeza kuti hypothalamus ya amuna "ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ndi yofanana ndi ya akazi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kodi LeVay adapeza chiyani? Chimene sanachipeze motsimikizika chinali kugwirizana pakati pa kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi kugonana.
Werengani zambiri »
Kodi "Homophobia" ndi chinyengo?
V. Lysov
Imelo: science4truth@yandex.ru
Zambiri mwa zinthu zotsatirazi zimasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala yowunikiridwa ndi ophunzira. Kafukufuku amakono azovuta zamagulu, 2018; Voliyumu 9, No.8: 66 - 87: V. Lysov: "Kuyimitsidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mawu akuti" Homophobia "pokamba za sayansi ndi pagulu”.
DOI: 10.12731/2218-7405-2018-8-66-87.
Zotsatira Zofunikira
(1) Maganizo otsutsa pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha samakwaniritsa njira yozindikira ya phobia monga lingaliro la psychopathological. Palibe lingaliro loti "Homophobia", ndi mawu andale.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "homophobia" pantchito zasayansi kutanthauza chiwonetsero chonse chazovuta zogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sizolondola. Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "Homophobia" kukutsutsa pakati pa malingaliro osatsutsika pakati pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kutengera zikhulupiriro ndi njira zowonetsera ukali, kusintha malingaliro oyanjana ndikuyamba kuchita nkhanza.
(3) Ofufuzawo adawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kugulitsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" ndi njira yotsutsa yomwe anthu omwe sakuvomereza kuti akhale ndi moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma omwe samvera chidani kapena samachita mantha ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
(4) Kuphatikiza pa zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo, maziko okhala ndi malingaliro oyipa pazakugonana, mwachidziwikire, ndi chitetezo chamthupi - kwachilengedwe kunyansidwaanakonza munjira ya kusinthika kwaumunthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti ukhondo wabwino kwambiri ndi kubereka bwino.
Chithandizo cha zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zisanachitike zolondola zandale
Milandu yambiri yothandiza kuchiritsa kwa anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kukopa akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku akatswiri. Nenani Bungwe la National Association for the Study and Therapy of kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha likuwonetsa mwachidule umboni wopatsa chidwi, malipoti azachipatala ndi kafukufuku kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka pano, zomwe zimatsimikizira motsimikiza kuti abambo ndi amayi omwe ali ndi chidwi atha kusintha kuchokera pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kupita amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Nyengo isanakhale yolondola pandale, zinali zodziwika bwino zasayansi, zomwe ndi zaulere analemba atolankhani apakati. Ngakhale American Psychiatric Association, kupatula kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pamndandanda wazovuta zamaganizidwe mu 1974, adalemba, izo "Njira zamakono zamankhwala zimalola gawo lalikulu la ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe akufuna kusintha malingaliro awo kuti atero".
Kutanthauzira kumatsatira zolemba kuchokera ku New York Times ya 1971.
