Ingqibelelo yezopolitiko yabaphembeleli be-LGBT yakhelwe kwizikhundla ezintathu ezingenasiseko eziqinisekisa "okusesikweni", "ukuzalwa" kunye "nokungabinakho" ukubonakala kwesini. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali yesisa kunye nezifundo ezininzi, le ngqondo ayifumananga sizathu sesayensi. Umthamo odibeneyo ubungqina besayensi Endaweni yoko kubonisa okuchaseneyo: ubufanasini ifunyenwe ukuphambuka ukusuka kwimeko yesiqhelo okanye inkqubo yophuhliso, ethi inike umthengi intshukumo kunye nokuzimisela, ebolekayo kulungiso olunempumelelo lwengqondo.

Kuba yonke ingcinga ye-LGBT yakhelwe kwizizathu ezibubuxoki, akunakwenzeka ukuyibonisa ngendlela enyanisekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuze ndikhusele umbono wabo, abaphembeleli be-LGBT banyanzelwa ukuba baphendukele kwintetho engeyonto eyenzisayo, idemokhrasi, intsomi, i-sophism kunye neenkcazo ezingeyonyani, ngegama - Isigama. Injongo yabo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano ayifumani nyaniso, kodwa uloyiso (okanye ukubonakala kwayo) kwimbambano ngayo nayiphi na indlela. Abanye babameli boluntu lwe-LGBT sele belugxekile icebo elinjalo elingekufutshane, belumkisa abo bathembisa ukuba ngenye imini liza kubuyela kubo njenge-boomerang, kwaye babongoza ukuba bayeke ukusasazeka kweentsomi ezichasene nesayensi, kodwa kwaba lilize.

Okulandelayo, siya kuqwalasela awona maqhinga asengqiqweni aqhelekileyo, amaqhinga, kunye nezipoph, ezisetyenziswa ngabameli be-LGBT ideology.

I-AD HOMINEM
UKUNGENISWA KWEESESES
Ukungazi nto
ISIBHENXA KWIINGXAKI
UCWANGCISO LOPHANDO
ISICELO SOKUQINISA
Iinyani ezikhethiweyo
UTSHINTSHO LOKUQINISEKISA
UKUQINISA INANI
UKUHLAZIYA UNONSENSE
ISICELO SOKWENZA IGunya
ISIBHENO SOKUFUMANEKA
I-AD NAUSEAM
UKUXELWA KWEMALI 

I-AD HOMINEM (ukubhenela emntwini)

Ayinakho ukuphikisa impikiswano ngokwayo, idemagogue ihlasela umntu omonyulayo: ubuntu bakhe, isimilo, imbonakalo, iinjongo, ubuchule, njl.njl. Umxholo ukwinzame yokuhlazisa umntu, umbonisa eluntwini njengongakufanelekeli ukuthenjwa. Ihlala idityaniswa namaqhinga "ityhefu yomthombo»(Ukufaka ityhefu kwi-Well), apho idemokhrasi ngaphambi kwengxoxo ibambe isitrayikhi kwisitayile sika-Ad Hominem, ukuzama ukubonisa umthombo. Umzekelo: “Ijenali kupapasho lolu phando lunamazinga aphantsi okukhumbula; Le yi "magazine ye-predator" yenqanaba "likaMurzilka". Uhlaselo olunje alunanto yakwenza nomgangatho kunye nenyaniso yeengxoxo ngokwazo. Lo ngumzamo wokuphambukisa ingqalelo kwiinyani, ugubungele umlo kunye neemvakalelo ezingalunganga kwaye wenze imfuneko yokufikelela kwisigqibo esigqibeleleyo. Ewe kunjalo, ukudalwa kwembonakalo engentle yomthombo akuthethi ukuba iimpikiswano ngokwazo sele zibhengeziwe.

Zintathu iindidi eziphambili kubuchule be-Ad Hominem:

1) Ad Adam (utshintsho kubuntu) -Ukuhlaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpawu zobuqu zomchasi, zihlala zithuka okanye zithoba isitetimenti esingavakaliswanga. Umntu othile uqaphele ngokuchanekileyo ukuba isiseko esibuthathaka, olomelele ngakumbi ibinzana. Umzekelo: "Ugqirha oluzenzisiyo, iscroundrel, charlatan, kwaye idiploma yakhe ibubuxoki.". Makukhunjulwe ukuba iimpawu zomntu, nokuba zezona zicekisekayo, azenzi iimpikiswano zakhe zibe yimpazamo.

2) I-Ad hominem Circstantiae (iimeko zakho) -Okubonakaliswa kweemeko ezicacisa isikhundla esithile kumchasi, esibonisa ukuthanda kwakhe nokunganyaniseki. Umzekelo: "Inzululwazi le ikholwa." Impikiswano enjalo iyimpazamo, kuba isibakala sokuba umchasi ngesizathu esithile esidla ngokubeka phambili ngokuchanekileyo le ngxoxo ayenzi ingxoxo ngokwayo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga enobulungisa ibe inganeno.

3) I-Ad hominem tu quoque (enjalo) - uphawu lokuba umchasi ngokwakhe akanasono. Umzekelo: "Abantu abaninzi abathandana besini esinye banesondo ngokwabo." Kwakhona, impikiswano enjalo iyimpazamo ngokwemvelo, kuba ayiyiphikisi ingxabano kwaye ayiyenzi ibe yinyani ngokwendlela yokucinga. Inyaniso okanye ubuxoki besiteyitim ayinanto yakwenza nezinto ezityunjiweyo ngumntu. Isibakala sokuba isondo esisondo, ukuba sithethe, senziwa ngabantu besini esahlukileyo asizikhathaleli iimpembelelo ezonakalisayo esi senzo sigqwethekileyo kwaye asilinganisi kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kwendalo.

UKUNGENISWA KWEESESES (unkatio elenchi)

Impazamo esengqiqweni kunye nenkqubo yedemogogic, equlathe kwinto yokuba xa ujongene nengxelo ethile eyomeleleyo kwaye eqonda ukuba imicimbi yakhe imbi, idemagogue kwimpendulo yakhe iyaqhubeka nokuxoxa enye ingxelo, ubuncinci iyinyani kwaye iyafana neyantlandlolo, kodwa ayihambelani nomxholo wombuzo. Iimpikiswano ezixhasa isiphelo sentsusa ziyasuswa ekuqiqisweni, kwaye iimpikiswano zenye into zinikezelwa endaweni yoko. Ithisisi, ethi kwangaxeshanye ijike iqinisekiswe, ayinanto yakwenza nethisisi yentsusa. Eli qhinga linokusetyenziselwa kokubonisa ubungqina kunye nokuphikisa. Njengokuba:

Thesis: "Ukuvunyelwa okusemthethweni komtshato wesini esifanayo eRashiya akutshatanga, kuba iphikisana nolona luvo luninzi. ”
Impendulo ifakwe endaweni yethiyori: "Uluntu lwentando yesininzi alunakho ukukhetha ucalucalulo kubantu abathandana bodwa; Banelungelo lokufumana amalungelo njengaye wonke umntu, kuquka nelungelo lokutshata. ”

Eli nqaku ngobuqili linamagama athi "idemokrasi" kunye "nomtshato", elinika umlinganiswa umbono wokuba iingxoxo zetesisis zokuqala zifumana impendulo ephucukileyo. Akaqapheli nokuba umphathi-gwenxa usityeshele ngokupheleleyo isiseko sokungabikho kolawulo lwentando yesininzi kwaye uphendula ngezitatimende ezingekho mthethweni, ezazingaphikiswanga mntu. Ewe, amafanasini akancalucalulo; ewe, banelungelo kuwo onke amalungelo abanawo abanye - akukho ngxabano malunga noku, ngakumbi abantu abathandana nabantu abatshatileyo eRussia sele benawo onke amalungelo abanye, kuba akukho mthetho omnye ucalucalula abantu ngokokhetho lwabo. Ke ngoko, sithetha "ukulingana emtshatweni", izishoshovu ze-LGBT zibhenela kuzo Ukutshintsha kwamagamaukupha "Imfuneko yokutshintsha inkcazo esemthethweni yomtshato ngaphambi kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi" kwi “Ilungelo lokutshata” -izinto ezimbini ezisisiseko ezahlukileyo. Ngokukodwa ukusukela umtshato - eli ayilo lungelo, kodwa lisiko elithile lenkcubeko. Imicimbi esebenzayo-ipropathi, ilifa, ukugcinwa kwabafundi-ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo yi-notary.

Omnye umzekelo. Umbuzo: "Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuvumela amafanasini ukuba asebenze nabantwana, ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-pedophilia phakathi kwabo?
Impendulo ekhathazayo efakwa endaweni yethi: Uxolo, kodwa iimeko ezininzi zokuhlukunyezwa kwenziwa ngabantu abathandanayo.

Njengoko oku kusenzeka rhoqo, umntu ongenamava uya kuqalisa ukuzikhusela, kwaye udemokhrasi uya kumqhubela kude nomthi wokuqala wethesis, aguqulele ngengxoxo le ngxoxo ibe kwindiza efanelekileyo. Indlela yokuphuma kule meko ngokwenene ilula: kuya kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ukhankanye ubumbano lwe-thesis kwaye uqatsele idemogog ngeempumlo zakho kumbuzo wokuqala. Yenza amaxesha amaninzi njengoko kufuneka. Imifanekiso enokubakho ngolu hlobo: “Unike impendulo ebalaseleyo kumbuzo othi" Buthini ulwazi malunga noninzi lweemoleki? ", Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo le nto bendiyicelile, masibuyele ekuxoxeni umbuzo wam. I-pedophilia ye-Heterosexual yenzeka amaxesha e-2 rhoqo kunobungqingili, nangona inani lamadoda abathandana abesilisa abangafaniyo lidlula inani lamadoda athandana nabantu abatshatileyo malunga namaxesha e-35. Ke ngoko, ngokwepesenti, pedophiles phakathi amafanasini malunga namaxesha e-xnumx makhulu kwaye yile - ngokwe APA. Ngaba isengqiqweni into yokuba la manani avumele abantu abathandana nabasetyhini basebenze nabantwana? "

I-sophism efanayo kumgaqo wesenzo, engachaphazeli umxholo wengxoxo kwaye ungahambelani, yaziwa ngokuba ngu "I-nitpick encinciMsgstr ". Umzekelo: "Ubonise iphepha le615 njengomthombo wesabelo, kodwa likwiphepha elahluke ngokupheleleyo". Akunakwenzeka ukuba uphikise i-thesis ngesiseko sokuphikisana okungabalulekanga kunye nokuchaseneyo, ukuphepha impendulo kumbuzo ophambili, othi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuwo. Nokuba ukukhetha i-nit kuyinto elungileyo, ukungangqinelani kwayo kukuba akulunganga ngokwaneleyo ukuphikisa izityholo.

Ukungazi okubambekayo (ukungazi ngabom)

Iqulethe ekutyesheni naziphi na iimpikiswano ezingahambelani nemodeli yangaphakathi yokwenyani. Ngokungafaniyo nokungazi okuqhelekileyo, umntu uyazi iinyani kunye nemithombo, kodwa uyala ukuziqonda, okanye uqhelane nazo ukuba azifezekisi izinto ezilindelweyo. Umntu onjalo uhlala ehlala eza nezimaphambili ngohlobo lweAd Hominem kwaye abhenele kwiqhinga I-lapidem (lat. "ukubhenela kwilitye"), equka ukwala ukuchasana kwabaphikisi njengobungekho ngqiqweni ngaphandle kokunika ubungqina bokungabinangqondo kwabo (obu bubudenge, itiyoloji yethiyori, uyaxoka, njalo njalo). Iingxelo ze-Ad Lapidem zibubuxoki kuba azichaphazeli ubunyani beempikiswano kwaye azichaphazeli nangayiphi na indlela. Olu luphism "amagama aziphikisayo"Kwaye"Uvavanyo olungenasiseko", Apho isigwebo esingachazwanga seengxoxo zomntu ochasayo ngokuchasene neziphakamiso ezingachazwanga zitshintsha indawo yeempikiswano.

Ukuphikiswa kwezibakala zinokuba ziqhinga lobuqhinga okanye inkululeko yokuqonda, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "isiqinisekiso sokukhetha"Nendlela yokuzikhusela engazi nto"ukukhanyelaMsgstr ". Esona sikhokelo sikholisayo siyakunyanzelwa yi-psyche yomntu ngendlela efananayo ne-cork ekhutshwe emanzini.

В incwadi izishoshovu ezimbini zesini sikaHarvard ezibonelela ngeendlela zobuchule bobufanasini ezichaziweyo Iingxaki ezinkulu ze10 yokuziphatha kwabantu besini esahlukileyo ekufuneka ishenxisiwe ukuze siphumelele ngokupheleleyo kwi-ajenda yezitabane. Phakathi kwezi ngxaki ukukhanyela inyani, ukucinga okungenangqondo kunye ne-mythomania.

«Nabani na, isitabane okanye ethe tye, banokubhenela kwimfesane amaxesha ngamaxesha kwaye bakholelwe kwinto abayifunayo kunokuba yinyani. Nangona kunjalo, amadoda athandana namanye ngokubanzi athanda ukwenza oku ngaphezulu kwabantu abathe tye kuba kufuneka beve uloyiko, umsindo kunye nentlungu engakumbi. Ke ngoko, ukwala inyani luphawu lokuziphatha ngokwesini ... Oku kunokuzibonakalisa njenge:
• Ukucinga ngendlela ethandekayo -Umntu ukholelwa ukuba uyakholiswa, ayiyiyo inyaniso.
• Ukungahambelanib-isasazeke kangangokuba ayifuni mzekelo okanye nkcazo. Sonke saxoxa apho umntu owayesabelana naye ngesini esinye ehambelana nengqondo yethu okanye eyakhe. Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba unikwe imigaqo yengqondo, kuya kufuneka wenze izigqibo ongazithandiyo. Ke ngoko, i-gay ihlala iphika ukucinga.
• Ukunyusa imvakalelo -Enye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphelisa inyani kukusetyenziswa kwentetho yasendle nemvakalelo egudileyo. Izitabane eziguqukela kule ndlela ndinethemba lokumemezela izibakala kunye nengcaciso enamabinzana amagama angafanelekanga.
• Iimbono ezingenasihlahla "Endaweni yokuphonononga ngokwenyani, ukufunda le ngxaki nokufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi abathandana nabo bayabaleka baye eNetland kwaye bazame ngamandla ukuphikisa ubunyaniso kunye nengqondo." (IKirk neMadsen, After The Ball I-1989, iphe.339)

ISIBHENXA KWIINGXAKI

Liqhinga lokuzama ukuphembelela iinkolelo zomntu ngokusebenzisa amandla eemvakalelo: uloyiko, umona, intiyo, ubutshaba, ikratshi, njl. enye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngabasasazi be-LGBT ngamaqhinga emvakalelo aziwa ngokuba "Isibongozo sencebaMsgstr "(Impikiswano malunga nemericordiam). Ngaphandle kobungqina obuyinyani bokuxhasa isikhundla sakhe, lo demagogue ufuna ukuvusa uvelwano novelwano kumphulaphuli ukuze afumane imvume kulowo uchasayo. Njengokuba: Abantu abathandana besini esinye ngamaxhoba ocalucalulo kunye nelitye elibi. Ayilotyala labo ukuba bazalwe ngaloo ndlela. Sele behlupheka kakhulu, kufuneka sibanike yonke into abayifunayo. Iingxoxo ezinjalo azichanekanga kwaye ziphosakele, kuba azichaphazeli undoqo womcimbi kwaye zikhokelela ekuvavanyeni imeko kakuhle, zibhekisa kubundlobongela bomphulaphuli, oceliweyo ukuba avumelane noko bekungathethwanga ngenxa yeengxoxo eziqinisekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yenceba, iintloni, okanye uloyiko lokubonakala ngathi awunabuntu, ubuyele umva, awuzilimanga kwaye njl.

Elinye iqhinga leemvakalelo ngu "Intlawulo yokudibanisa"(Yenziwe ngumbutho), ethi into ayivumelekanga kuba yenziwa liqela okanye ngumntu onedumela elibi. Umgaqo wedemogogue ophendukela kubuchule obunjalo uchonga umchasi kunye nomntu onobuhlobo obuthile bokuziphatha kunye namaqela angenakusebenza athe avakisa ngakumbi okanye kancinci ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo, umntu ochaza nakuphi na ukugxeka ngokubhekisele kubantu be-LGBT kunokwenzeka ukuba alingane noHitler okanye amaNazi. Abaphuhlisi bobuqili bokusasaza ubuqhetseba bajongane ngqo nokuchongwa kwabachasi kunye namaqela kunye nabantu "Yeyiphi iimpawu kunye neenkolelo ezizezesibini ezimcaphukelayo umntu ophakathi waseMelika": Ku-Klux Klan, abashumayeli abanomdla bezantsi, amabanjwa axhokonxayo, amabanjwa kwaye, ewe, uHitler (I-Reductio ad hitlerum).

Kuba uninzi luthatha imilinganiselo kaHitler njengengamkelekanga, ukusetyenziswa kothelekiso olunjalo kungakhokelela kwisiphumo esingokweemvakalelo esigqitha umgwebo osengqiqweni.

Iiyantlukwano zobuqhetseba beReductio ad Hitlerum ibandakanya ukuthelekisa imibono yeqela elichasayo kunye nokuBulawa kwabantu, iGestapo, ubugqwetha, ubuzwilakhe, njl.

Ukubeka ecaleni iimvakalelo, kufanele ukuba iqondwe ukuba umntu "ukhohlakele" ngokwenene kwezinye iindlela, oku akuthethi konke ukuba yonke into ayithethayo, ayixhasayo okanye ayimelayo, eyona nto iphambili ayilunganga kwaye ayichanekanga. Asimele siyenqabe inyani yokuba ezimbini, zimbini, zine, kuphela ngenxa yokuba uHitler wayekholelwa okufanayo.

Unxibelelwano oluninzi lwe-Intanethi lunomthetho owaziwa ngokuba yi "Godwin Law", ethi ingxoxo ithathwe njengeigqityiweyo kwakamsinya nje ukuthelekiswa kukaHitler okanye ubuNazi, kwaye umntu owenza lo mlinganiso uthathwa njengelahlekileyo.

Icala elichasene nembonakalo yempazamo yokudibanisa ichazwe ngasentla ngu "Ukuphakama okunxulumene"(Hlonitshwa ngumbutho). I-demagogue ithi into iyinto enqwenelekayo kuba yipropathi yeqela okanye lomntu ohlonishwayo. Ke, abasasazi be-LGBT bahlala bebhekisa kubantu abadumileyo abathi babenotyekelo lobufanasini, nangona enyanisweni imizekelo enjalo inokuthathwa kumnwe owaziwayo okanye ukuba yinxalenye yoluhlu "hayi enkosi, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo". Abaphuhlisi bobuxoki be-gay bayichaza ngale ndlela:

"... kufuneka sibuyekeze inkolelo engaginyisi mathe yabasetyhini kunye nabesilisa abangamadoda athandana nabo, sibabonisa njengeentsika zoluntu ... Amanani ezembali adumileyo aluncedo kuthi, kuba ngokungapheliyo ufile, njengesikhonkwane, kwaye ngenxa yoko akanakuphika nantoni na okanye ityala lakhe lingcoliswe... Ngokujolisa ekukhanyeni kwayo okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kula maqhawe ahlonitshwayo, iphulo lezosasazo elinobuchule alinakuze, nangaliphi na ixesha, lenze ukuba isitabane sibonakale singuthixo wenene wempucuko yaseNtshona. (IKirk neMadsen, After The Ball I-1989, iphe.187)  

Xa umntu enika imizekelo eliqela yokuba abantu abanjalo benesimilo esaziwayo kwaye bengakhange baqiqe kwaye ubungqina buquqa ukuba bonke abantu abanale mpawu, wenza impazamo "ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokubanzi ngobuxokiMsgstr "(Dicto elula).

UCWANGCISO LOPHANDO (Ingxoxo ibango)

Le yimpazamo esengqiqweni eyenzekayo xa ukuthembeka kwento kungqinwa kuphela kukuqina kokunyaniseka kwayo, ngaphandle kokubonelela ngedatha eqinisekisayo okanye iingxoxo ezithandwayo. Inkcazo ngokwayo ayibobungqina okanye ukuphikisana; ibonisa kuphela ukholo lomntu avakalayo. Umzekelo: Ubufanasini yinto engaphakathi neyoyikeka. Xa uphendula umbuzo malunga nokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika uphendule ngo “hayi”.

Izityholo zihlala zidityaniswa namaqhinga abiziweyo "IGallop Guiche" (I-Gish Gallop), esisithintelo seengxelo ezingekho mthethweni, ezichanekileyo nezingamanyala, ukwazi ukuba umphikisi uya kufuna ixesha elininzi. Obu buchule buhlala busetyenziswa kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya, apho ixesha lokuphendula linqunyelwe. Ukulahla ingxowa yeziteyitimenti zobuxoki, idemokhrasi ishiya umchasi wayo kunye nomsebenzi ongenakwenzeka-ukucacisela uluntu ukuba kutheni nganye iyinyani. Kubaphulaphuli abanolwazi olunqongopheleyo, iGallop Guiche ikhangeleka intle kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, ukuba iqela elichasayo liqala ukuhlalutya zonke iimpikiswano zedemogogue, uluntu luya kuthi ngokukhawuleza luqalise ukumkhawulela kwaye lumfumene isisidenge; kwelinye icala, ukuba nayiphi na impikiswano ishiywe ngaphandle kokuphikisa, iya kuthathwa njengokohlulwa.

Ukuxoka ngobuxoki kulula kakhulu kunokuba ubuphike. Idemogogue efuna inyani kodwa uloyiso alunyanzeliswa nantoni na kwaye inokuthetha nantoni na, ngelixa inyani ifuna ulwazelelo oluchanekileyo kunye nesizathu esichanekileyo senkcazo-sikhokelo yenjongo. Njengoko uJonanat Swift waphawula: “Ubuxoki buyabhabha, nenyaniso iyaqhwalela emva kwayo; Ke xa inkohliso ityhilwe, kusemva kwexesha kakhulu ...»

Ke, ukwenzela ukukhalisa amahemuhemu malunga "nezilwanyana zesini", abasasazi be-LGBT babefuna imizuzwana ye-40 yokuvuma, ethathe ividiyo kwimizuzu ye-40.

ISICELO SOKUQINISA (ukubhenela kwindalo)

Le yimpazamo ecacileyo okanye ubuchule bokuthetha into apho into ethile ivakaliswa ilungile kuba "kuyinto yendalo" okanye imbi kuba "ayikho emvelo". Ingxelo enjalo ihlala ihlala uluvo, kwaye ayisiyo inyani yokuba, ukongeza, iyimpazamo, ayinantsingiselo, ayinantsingiselo kwaye inezingcaciso ezingacacanga gca. Intsingiselo yegama "indalo", umzekelo, ukusuka kwintsingiselo "eqhelekileyo" ukuya "kwenzeka kwindalo".

Nangona kunjalo, yendalo i nyaniso bonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lokugweba, isibheno esichanekileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga izinto. Ke, ingxelo “ISodomomy ayisiyemvelo” hayi impazamo. Ukungena kwinxalenye engezantsi yomgudu wesisu, ongathi ngokwendalo ungathathelwanga ekungeneni nasekufutheni, kuyaphikisana nedatha yendalo yephysology yomntu kwaye yonakele. ukulimala ezahlukeneyo kunye nokudakumba, kuhlala kungaphindeki. Kuyinyani oko.

Njengomzekelo wesibheno esingalunganga kwindalo, enye yeendlela eziphambili zokusasaza ubufanasini zinokuboniswa: “Ubufanasini buqwalaselwa phakathi kwezilwanyana; izinto ezenziwa zizilwanyana zendalo; oko kuthetha ukuba ubungqingili yinto yendoda. ”  Ukongeza ireferensi engalunganga kwindalo, esi siphelo sineempazamo ezimbini ezizezona zisengqiqweni:
1) "Ukubuyiselwa kweekhonsepthi"Kuboniswa kutoliko olucalucalulo lokungaziphathi ngendlela yezilwanyana kunye nokuzama ukudlulisa" ukuphambuka kwendalo kwesiqhelo "njengesiqhelo".
2) "Inkcazo-ngcaciso ekhethiweyo", Icaciswe kukhetho olukhethiweyo lokuchaphazela imeko yezilwanyana ebomini bomntu. 

Kumdlalo wokuhlekisa ka-Aristophanes "Clouds" ubukho bendlela enjalo ubonisiwe: ukuzama ukubonisa ubawo ubunyani bokubetha abazali bakhe kunye nabantwana bakhe, unyana wakhe unika umzekelo we-roosters, athe utata wakhe uphendula ukuba ukuba ufuna ukuthatha umzekelo kwi-roosters, makamthathe yonke into.

Ngayiphi na imeko, ubukho bayo nayiphi na into eyenzekileyo kwindalo ayingqinelani nokuqhelekileyo, umnqweno okanye ukwamkelwa. Umhlaza, umzekelo, yinto eqhelekileyo yendalo - sesiphi isigqibo esifikelela kule nkcazelo? Ewe, hayi.

Iinyani ezikhethiweyo (ukukhetha i-cherry)

Impazamo enengqondo ebandakanya ukukhomba kuphela kwiinkcukacha nakwinyani ezixhasa inqaku lokujonga elifunwayo ngumlawuli, ngelixa igatya yonke enye idatha efanelekileyo engayixhasi. Ke, ukuguqukela ekuqinisekiseni ubume bokuziphatha kwezilwanyana, abagqugquzeli be-LGBT bazityeshela zonke izinto ezimbi kunye nokungalunganga okukuye kwaye bagxile kuphela kwimbonakalo yakhe yesini esifanayo, ngelixa bevala amehlo abo ekunyanzelisweni nasekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngokufanayo, bebhekisa kuphando lwemfuzo, abasasazi becacisa kuphela iingcaphuno ezixhasa umxholo "Igalelo lemfuzo kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko"ngelixa ungayikhathaleli indawo yogcino egxininiswe ngabaphandi ukuba "Eli galelo likude nokuthatha isigqibo".

Ngamanye amaxesha "ukukha i-Cherry" kufikelela kwinqanaba eligqithisiweyo kangangokuba umphathi uphindwe kwisiqingatha sokuphula isivakalisi esicatshuliweyo, egqwetha ngokupheleleyo umyalezo. Umzekelo, APA kumthetho weLawrence v. ETexas, okhokelele ekutshitshisweni kwemithetho ye-sodomy kwi-14 yase-US, ikhankanye oku kulandelayo idictum IFreud:
Ubungqingili ngokuqinisekileyo alusosilo, kodwa eso ayisosizathu sokuphoxeka, okanye ububi okanye ukonakaliswa. Ayinakwahlulwa njengesifo. Sikholelwa ukuba olu lutshintsho lomsebenzi wesini ... "
Ukungalungeli ukugqiba isicelo, u-APA wathula wathi, ngokuka Freud, le "Umahluko ekusebenzeni ngokwesondo kubangelwa yinto ethile ukukhula okumangalisayo kwesondo» - Oko kukuthi, imele isifo sengqondo.

UTSHINTSHO LWEENKONZO (ukulinganisa)

Iqulethe ekusebenziseni igama elifanayo ukuchaza izinto ezimbini ezahlukileyo, okanye ngokuzenza into engeyiyo, ekhokelela kwisigqibo esingamanga. Umzekelo, i-WHO ibonelela ngenkcazo ecacileyo yobungqingili: "Umnqweno wesini okhethekileyo okanye ongxamisekileyo wesini esifanayo nesinye, ngaphandle okanye nangaphandle komzimba." Kodwa abasasazi besini gay, abathetha ngezilwanyana, babiza "ubufanasini" naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kwezilwanyana zesini esifanayo, nokuba azinasizathu sokwabelana ngesondo ngokupheleleyo. Ke, amantshontsho ababhinqileyo, athi, xa engonelanga eyindoda, enze amaqela ngababini ukuba anyamekele inzalo, ayabandakanywa kubalo lwe "450 iintlobo" zezilwanyana "ezitshatileyo", ngaphandle kokuba zihamba nendoda ngokukodwa. Ngokwenyani, akukho silwanyana esinye esiya kuhlangabezana nenkcazo ye-WHO, kuba akukho mntu kwindalo ubonisayo Msgstr "Ukuqhutywa kwesondo okhethekileyo okanye okona kubalulekileyo»Kubantu babo isini, ngakumbi ngaphandle kokudibana emzimbeni.

Omnye umzekelo wokufakwa endaweni yala magama ujongwa kutoliko uphando U-Evelyn Hooker, oboniswe yi-APA njengobungqina "benzululwazi" "eqhelekileyo" yesini esifanayo (nangona olu phononongo lungakhange lufezekise injongo enjalo). Ngokusekwe kwisampulu ye30 (!) Bantu, uHooker ugqibe kwelokuba "Abanye abantu abathandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo banokumela abantu abagqwesileyo. ”. Ngale ndlela “Ukusebenza ngokwaneleyo” Abanye abantu abangamafanasini bazenza "Ngokwesiqhelo" Bonke abantu abathandana besini esinye (ubuxoki ngokubanzi), ngaphandle kwento yokuba amandla okwenza imisebenzi yezentlalo akuthinteli kwaphela ukubakho kwengqondo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhina malunga "nokuqheleka" kobufanasini, i-APA ibhekisa kwimisebenzi ebonisa ubukho bayo (iBullough 1976; iFord & Beach 1951; iKinsey 1948 kunye ne-1953), endaweni yoko Indawo yangaphambili ngelizwi "Ngokwesiqhelo" nangona ubukho okanye ubumbeko lwento engenziwanga nganto ibonisa ubume bayo. Ukongeza endaweni yamagama, intetho ebubuxoki "Isibheno kwinombolo».

UKWENZA ISIBHENGOZO (inombolo ye-adumerameram)

Kunikezwe ingxoxo ngempazamo ilinganisa inani labalandela umbono kunye nenyaniso. Ke Isifundo seKinsey (yamkelwe ubuxoki ngonyaka we-2006) wabonisa ukuba i-48% yamadoda kwisampulu yakhe (eyayibandakanya ubukhulu becala) ayenobuncinci bobunxibelelwano bobungqingili ebomini babo, eyaba sisiseko sabasasazi malunga nokuqheleka konxibelelwano olunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, izigigaba kunye nemibono exhaswa ngokubanzi ayiyonyani.

Inkxaso yalempazamo yi "Isibongozo kwisininziMsgstr "(Ingxoxo ngentengiso ye populum). Endaweni yokuqiqa okunengqiqo, i-demagogue iphethukela kuluvo loluntu. Umzekelo: Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bayawuxhasa umtshato wabantu abathandana nabo. ”. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uninzi lunokulunga ngokwenene, umbono wakhe awukhuselekanga kwiimpazamo. Inyaniso / ubunyani benkcazo abunakho ukungqinwa / ukuphikiswa yinani nje labaxhasi bayo. Umzekelo, kwimbali bekukho amaxesha apho uninzi lwaluthatha ingqalelo yomhlaba luflethi, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba umhlaba usicaba ngokwenene. Uninzi loluvo lubonisa ukuthandwa kombono kuphela, kwaye ayisiyonyani okanye ukwanela, nangona kuqhelekile ukuduma okubalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo.

Ukuzisa kuRhulumenteab absurdo)

Ukungakwazi ukuphikisa eyona nto ibalulekileyo, umphathi-sixhobo uphuhlisa ingcinga yomchasi ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba akukho ngqiqweni, eveza imeko-bume yenyani kunye engenangqondo, kwaye kwesi siseko uzama ukungamanyani kwengcinga yantlandlolo. Umzekelo: "Kuba uyakwalela ukuhambisa ubufanasini ebantwaneni, mvumele ke siyakuthintela ubungqina besahlo sasekhohlo. ” Obu buchule abunawo ubungqina bobuchwephesha kwaye benzelwe kuphela ukungabi namava komntu ochasayo. Ihlala ihamba kunye nezi mpazamo zilandelayo:

• “Umfuziselo ongeyonyani"- ukuthelekisa apho inani leempawu ezifanayo kwizinto ezithelekiswayo zithambeka kuyeku-zero, ngelixa ukungahoyi ngokupheleleyo umahluko osisiseko: "Ukunyanga amafanasini kufana nokunyanga i-redhead"

• “I-dichotomy yobuxoki"- Impazamo equka umbono" omnyama nomhlophe ", ukungahoyi onke amathuba, ngaphandle kokuzibaxa zimbini: “Ngubani ongabaxhasiyo abantu abathandana nesini athandana naye. Nokuba ungowamatabane okanye ulwa nawo.. Kwangaxeshanye, ithuba lesithathu (okanye inani elikhulu elinokwenzeka) alivumelekanga, nangona umntu, umzekelo, enokungavisisani “nezitabane” kunye nesini esigqwethekileyo ngokwesini, kodwa ngokuchasene nengcinga ekhuthazayo ye-LGBT engamkelekanga, kubandakanya nabantu abathandanayo.

• Ukungalandelani (emva. "akufanelanga ukuba") - Impazamo eyenzekayo xa isiphelo esingenangqondo sithatyathwe kwisitethimenti esithile, esingasilandeliyo. Umzekelo:

Impazamo iyenzeka xa isizathu esidala sichazwe ngayo nayiphi na into eyenzekayo ngaphandle kobungqina bokuba ikhona. Umzekelo: Abanye abantu babafanasini kuba bazalwe benje. ”. Oku kubandakanya ukuzenzisa othandekayo kwentliziyo yenkohliso njengoko Umcimbi wokudityaniswa konobumba, iitotto zobungqina и uphando ngesizathu.

ISIBHENO KUGOSA (Ingxoxo yentengiso verecundiam) 

Kule meko, endaweni yokubonelela ngobungqina, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo nasiphi na ingxelo esichanekileyo (okanye esingeyonyani) kuba omnye umthombo uthathwa njengogunyazisiweyo uwubona ulungile (okanye ubuxoki). Kwa inkcazo yokuba umbono othile wegunya uchanekile ayiqulathanga mpazamo. Nangona kunjalo, impazamo enjalo yenzeka xa umntu ezama ukuphikisa ukuba uluvo olunegunya luhlala luchanekile ngokusisiseko kwaye, ke, akufuneki kugxekwe. Uluvo lwemithombo egunyazisiweyo ayisoloko iyinyani; nazo zinokuphazama okanye zifihlwe ngabom. Impazamo xa ubhekisa kwimbono yegunya yenzeka xa:

1) isihloko asibobuchule bakhe;
2) igunya lithambekele kwisihloko;
I-3) kukho ubungqina bokuba igunya alilunganga.

Unokuhlala usiva isibheno umntu ongaziwayo igunya: "Oososayensi baqinisekisile ... Oogqirha bengqondo bakholelwa ... Kukho imvumelwano kuluntu lwenzululwazi ..." Amagama enzululwazi kunye nonyango lwezengqondo akaqhotyoshelwanga, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uqinisekise ulwazi. Ke, ukuba impikiswano yomchasi iqala ngamabinzana afanayo, ke kunokulindeleka ukuba ukulandela iimpikiswano ezingenasiseko kunye nezingavunyelwanga.

Uhlobo lokubhena kwabasemagunyeni Ipse dixit (lat. "utshilo"). Impikiswano ethathe isigqibo ixhaswe kuphela yinkcazo engangqinelaniyo yomntu omnye, ehlala echaza ngaye: "Njengogqirha wezengqondo kunye nonyango, ndingatsho ukuba ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo."

Ukunika ubunzima kwisiteyitimenti ezingenasisekelo, i-manipulator ihlala ihamba nabo kunye namakhonkco kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwemithombo ihlala ityhila ukuba abaxhasi kuphela izimvo zakhe, kodwa baphikisana ngqo nazo. Umzekelo kufunda Abantu abathandana besini esifanayo ebumnyameni-albatross, ethi iboniswe njengengxoxo exhasa ubungqingili, ayibonisi kuphela ubukho bomtsalane wesini esifanayo kwezi ntaka, kodwa ikwabonisa ukungathandani kwabantu abatshatileyo abatshatileyo, kubonakaliswe ngokunganikezelwanga kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwesiqingatha samaxabiso okuqhawulwa kwamantshontsho kunye nempumelelo yokuzala, xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo ngababini.

Ngokufanayo phantsi kwevidiyo edumileyo yokusasaza kunye pyromaniac Isihloko luxwebhu, elinamaphepha ama-5, phakathi kwezinye izinto, azaliswe zizidibanisi kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo ezinesihloko sokuzenzisa. Inani elinomtsalane lamakhonkco linikezelwa apho kuphela ukudala inkohliso yokunyaniseka kunye nokuqina, kwisiseko sobalo oluchanekileyo lokuba akukho namnye kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo oya kuzijonga. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufunda idatha kwezi zifundo, umfundi onomdla wokuzibuza uya kuba nakho ukuzibona ngokwakhe ukuba awawaxhasi amabango enziwe kwividiyo.

Esona sikhalazo sihlala singekho mthethweni kumagunya ngabaxhasi bobufanasini obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo sisalathiso kwisigqibo se-WHO kwi1990 ukungabandakanyi ukuxilongwa "kobufanasini" njengokuhlelwa kwaso kwezifo. Ngapha koko, impikiswano ihlala ithatha uhlobo "isangqa esikhohlakeleyo"(Circulus vitiosus), xa ingqokelela yethisisi ichanekile ngesitatimende esivela kuyo: “I-WHO ibubekele ecaleni ubufanasini kwi-ICD kuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo kuba i-WHO iye yamgxotha kwi-ICD. " Ewe kunjalo, ezi ngxelo zimbini azinikezelwanga ngokulandelelana, kodwa zahlulwe ngumthamo othile we-verbiage.

Kuba i-WHO lilungiselelo nje lokudibanisa amaziko aphantsi kwe-UN, engakhokelwa lulwazi lwezesayensi, kodwa ngamacandelo afezekiswe ngumboniso wezandla, nakuphi na ukubhekiswa koncwadi lwayo ukuthethelela isikhundla sempikiswano akunantsingiselo. Esi sisibheno kwigunya lobuxoki okanye elingafanelekanga.

OBANI azenzi ngathi unembono yenzululwazi kwi intshayelelo ekwahlukaniseni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwi-ICD-10 ngokucacileyo ukuba:

"Chaza iinkcazo nemiyalelo sukuphatha ngokwayo intsingiselo yethiyori kwaye Sukuzenzisa kwinkcazo ebanzi yemeko yangoku yolwazi lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngamaqela nje eziimpawu kunye nezimvo malunga nenani elikhulu labacebisi kunye nabacebisi kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi uvumile njengesiseko esamkelekileyo sokuchaza imida yoluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo. "

ISIBHENO KWI-ANTIQUITY (argumentum ad antiquitatem)

Luhlobo lokuphikisana okungachanekanga kwengqondo apho umbono othile uthathwa njengechanekileyo kwisiseko sokuba kwenzeka kwezinye izithethe zangaphambili. Ke, abaxolisi kubuhlobo bobungqingili babambe ngokuzithemba ekubambeni kuzo naziphi na iimbekiselo zokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo kwimithombo yezembali, nangona amaqhekeza aseleyo ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla engaqondakaliyo kwaye enamabhongo, kwaye into echazwa kuwo ayinakuthelekiswa ncam noko kwenzeka namhlanje kuluntu lwe-LGBT. Yindlela enesiphene enokuthi i-APA ihambise, ibhekisa kwincwadi "Ukwahluka ngokwesondo kuluntu nakwimbali"(Bullough 1976) njengobungqina" obuqhelekileyo "bobufanasini. Ingxabano apha ithatha ifom “Kulungile ngoba bahlala kunjaloMsgstr ". Umntu unokukhumbula izinto ezininzi ezilizothe eziye zahamba nomntu kuyo yonke imbali yakhe, kodwa ngekhe kwenzeke kuye nakubani na umntu onengqondo ukuba azibize ngokuba "zichanekile".

Omnye umzekelo wemposiso esisengqiqweni apho iminyaka yeembono isebenza njengenyathelo lokunyaniseka kwayo "Ukubhenela kubutsha”(Kwi-argumentum ad novitatem), ngokokutsho kokutsha, ichanekile ngakumbi. Ke, naluphi na uphando olwenziwe ngaphambi konyaka ka-1948 luyakutshayelwa ecaleni zii-polemic sodomites njenge "ziphelelwe lixesha", kodwa oku, kunjalo, kuphela xa izigqibo zophando zingabaphazamisi. Ukuba izigqibo zisezandleni zabo, isifundo sikaKinsey ukusukela ngo-1906, kunye nencwadi kaWilhelm Fliess ukusukela ngo-XNUMX, ekhankanya ingcinga yokuba "ulwamnkelo lokuzalwa ngokwesini" (nangona kunjalo). Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi "Imigangatho ephindwe kabini", Yeyiphi eyona nto iphawuleka ngokufanelekileyo iqatshelwe ngumphawuli kwiVK:

I-AD NAUSEAM (ukuba ube nomvandedwa)

"Eyona nto iphambili kukuthetha ngobufanasini kude kube kukudinwa ngokupheleleyo" -Iyalelwe ngokuthe ngqo ngabaphuhlisi bobuxoki be-gay. Obu buchule buvuselela ingxoxo egqithisileyo ukwenzela ukunqanda ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezingalunganga kumlawuli. Ibandakanya ukuphindaphinda okungathandekiyo kweengxelo ezithile de iqela elichasayo lizinikele kwisithembiso esililize sokwenza abahlobo bangabaphikisi abanenkani ngengqondo eqhelekileyo. Kunzima ukuzikhuthaza ukuba uphike kwakhona kunye neseti emiselweyo umkhangeli iimfundiso ezithi ngokuzingisileyo zinqamleze abalandeli be-sodomy, naphina apho kukho ithuba: “Ubufanasini yinto eqhelekileyo; uzelwe ngokutsha; ayinyangwa; izilwanyana ziyathandana nabo; kwi-WHO yangqina; yamkelwe kwihlabathi liphela, njalo njalo. " 

Iziphumo ezivelisiweyo ukuqubisana kangangokuba kwanele ukusiphinda-phinda isiteyitimenti kwakhona, ngaphandle kwengxabano okanye ubungqina. Ekugqibeleni, abanye abaphikisi abathathwe yindlala abayi kuphila kwaye banikezele, kodwa ukusuka ngaphandle kuya kujongeka ngathi abasenazo iinkcaso. Apha ungakhumbula u-Goethe's dictum: "Abachasi bethu bayasigwebela ngendlela yabo: bayaphindisela izimvo zabo kwaye abanikeli ngqalelo kwawethu. Ngokwemvelo, ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kwembono ethile ayongezi mgaqo kuyo kwaye ayisiqinisekisi.

UKUXELWA KWEMALI (Iipuzzle)

Obu buqili, obuquka ukutshintsha ngokungaguquki komgaqo obeka ubunyani bempikiswano, ihlala ibuyiselwa kwicala lokulahleka kumzamo wokuzama ukusindisa ubuso. Umzekelo:
"Ndibonise umntu omnye onga gay onokuthi axhamle kunyango olusemva."
-Nceda, nabu ubungqina bevidiyo UChristopher Doyle UDavide I-Pickup, kunye nokunye ishumi elinambini abanye.
- hayi. Ezi ayizizo izitabane ezizizo. (iqhinga Umkhohlisi ongenguye). Utshintsho lwabo ayisiyonyani kwaye ngokubanzi, abubungqina obuchasene nesayensi. Imithombo yolwazi enegunya
- Nceda non-iintsomi nge Iwebhusayithi ye-APAI-27% yamafanasini kunye ne-50% yee-bisexcript yaba yinto engafaniyo kwaphela ngenxa yonyango lwe-psychoanalytic. 
- hayi. Esi sisifundo esiphelelwe lixesha.
-Nantsi Uphononongo lwe-2008 lonyaka...

Oku kulandelwa yingxelo ngohlobo lwe-Ad hominem, Ad lapidem, njl.

Xa kungekho siphikiso sinye, kodwa okuninzi kuboniswa ukubonisa i-theisis, i-manipulator ihlala isebenzisa amaqhinga "Ukugqitywa okungaphelelanga"... Uhlasela enye, ezibini kwezona ngxoxo zisemngciphekweni, eshiya ezona zibalulekileyo kwaye zibaluleke kuphela ngaphandle kwengqwalaselo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye uzenza ngathi uyayiphikisa yonke ithisisi kubabethi. Oku kusikhumbuza i-axiom ye-intanethi eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthetho kaDanth:Ukuba umntu uthi uphumelele impikiswano kwi-Intanethi, ke ihlala iphambene». 

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Kukho uninzi lwee-sophics, ubuqili bobuqhinga kunye neendlela zokusebenza kwengqondo, kodwa siya kugxila kukwahlangeneyo. Makukhunjulwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zingachanekanga akuchaphazeli inyani yeengxoxo, akubenzi bangabi nakulunga kangako ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga izinto, kodwa ke kwakhona bekugxininisa ukungapheleli komgxeki kunye nokusilela kwempikiswano eyinyaniso.

Ewe, iimpazamo ezichazwe apha ngasentla ziyafumaneka kwiimpikiswano zabachasene nokusasazwa kwe-LGBT, kodwa banazo iimpikiswano eziyinyani, ngelixa abasasazi be-LGBT bengenazo ezo ziphikiso, kwaye abanakuba (ngenxa "impazamo yesiseko"). Ngokukhetha okanye kungenjalo, basebenza ngokuhambelana nommiselo oboniswe ngaphambili "oonobumba bentshukumo yesini"

"Iziphumo zethu ziyafezekiswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iinyani, ubunyani kunye nobungqina ... Okukhona siyiphazamisa imeko yomntu wasekhaya ngezinto ezingenamsebenzi okanye ezikhohlisayo, kuya kuba lula ukuba ayazi eyona nto yenzekayo, eyilungele kuphela." (IKirk neMadsen, After The Ball I-1989, iphe.153)

Elona qhinga liqhelekileyo lisetyenziswa yi-LGBT demagogue lushwankathelwe kule theyibhile ingezantsi. Ukuba umchasi wakho usebenzisa nayiphi na kule thebhile kwimpikiswano, mbonise ukuba usebenzisa iindlela ezingachanekanga zembambano ezithintela ukumiselwa kwenyani, kwaye mcele ukuba abuyele kumgca wokuncokola okanye wembambano. Ukuba umchasi uyaqhubeka nokuphendula malunga nezinto ezikwitafile, ke ukuqhubeka kwencoko naye akunangqondo. Njengoko enye iklasi yathi: Ukuba ke uthe waqubisana nesidenge, kufuneka ukuba usisidenge ”. Ungawabala umkhamo.