Ibali elinyanisekileyo lomntu owayesakuba lifanasini, elichaza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bomndilili "gay" - i-enemas engapheliyo, ukuziphatha kakubi kunye nosulelo oluhambelanayo, iiklabhu, iziyobisi, iingxaki zamathumbu angaphantsi, ukudakumba kunye nokukrazula, ukuziva unganeliseki kunye nesizungu, ukusuka. obu kuziphatha kakubi kunye neDatura ibonelela kuphela ngokuphumla okwethutyana. Eli bali liqulathe iinkcukacha ezonyanyekayo zezenzo zobufanasini kunye neziphumo zazo, nto leyo eshiya intsalela yelindle elinesicaphucaphu ngokungathandabuzekiyo eliya kuba nzima kumfundi nje oqhelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, zichaza zonke ngokuchanekileyo yokusasaza ukungalunganga kobungqingili ngendlela ethandabuzekayo njengokucekeceke kwempunga yempepho. Ibonisa inyani ekrakra yesini lomntu wesini esifanayo njengoko injalo - isikrelemnqaabangenangqondo nabangenabubele. "Ukuba ngungqingili" ekugqibeleni kuthetha ukubandezeleka kunye nentlungu etywiniweyo yogazi kunye negazi, endaweni yokubambelela kwizandla zamakhwenkwe amakhulu e-kawaii yoyoynyh intsomi yabalandeli.
Funda ngakumbi »Ugcino loDidi: Amanqaku
amanqaku
Iingxaki zoluntu "lwe-gay" ngamehlo abantu bangaphakathi
Kwi-1989, iitshantliziyo ezimbini ze-Harvard ipapashiwe incwadi echaza isicwangciso sokutshintsha izimo zengqondo zoluntu ngokubanzi malunga nesithembu ngenkqubo yokusasaza, imigaqo esisiseko ekuxoxwa ngayo apha. Kwisahluko sokugqibela sale ncwadi, ababhali bazichaza ngokucacileyo i-10 eyona ngxaki iphambili ekuziphatheni kwabantu abathandanayo, ekufuneka kujongwane nayo ukuze kuphuculwe umfanekiso wabo emehlweni oluntu ngokubanzi. Ababhali babhala ukuba amafanasini alugatya lonke uhlobo lokuziphatha; ukuba babelane ngesondo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye ukuba bangene ngendlela, baqala ukukhwaza malunga nengcinezelo kunye ne-Homophobia; ukuba bangamanyala, banobungqwabalala, bazingcayo, bathambekele kubuxoki, kukukrexeza, ukungathembeki, inkohliso, ukuzitshabalalisa, ukukhanyela inyani, ukungakhathaleli, inkanuko yezopolitiko neengcinga zobuyatha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba i-40 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ezi mpawu zaziphantse zabangathi zichazwa ngumntu onezigulo zengqondo odumileyo ogama lingu Edmund Bergler, owafunda ubufanasini iminyaka engama-30 waza waqatshelwa “njengeyona theory ibalulekileyo” kule nkalo. Kwathatha ababhali ngaphezu kwamaphepha e-80 ukuchaza iingxaki ezinxulumene nendlela yokuphila yoluntu lwama-gay. Umlweli we-LGBT u-Igor Kochetkov (umntu osebenza njenge-arhente yangaphandle) kwintetho yakhe "Amandla opolitiko anentshukumo ye-LGBT yehlabathi: indlela abaphembeleleli bayifezekise ngayo injongo yabo" Yathi le ncwadi iye yaba yi-ABC yabalweli bentshukumo be-LGBT kwihlabathi lonke, kubandakanya naseRussia, kwaye uninzi lusaqhubeka kwimigaqo echazwe kuyo. Kumbuzo: "Ngaba uluntu lwe-LGBT luzisusile kwezi ngxaki?" U-Igor Kochetkov wamphendula ngokumsusa wambuza, eqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki zisahleli. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo emfutshane.
I-Lesbianism: oonobangela kunye nemiphumo
Ubungqingili besetyhini baziwa ngokuba yi-lesbianism (ngaphantsi kwe-sapphism, i-tribadism). Eli gama livela kwigama lesiqithi saseGrisi i-Lesbos, apho wazalelwa khona wafumana isafobe saseGrisi samandulo, kwiivesi apho kukho iingcebiso zothando phakathi kwabafazi. Xa kuthelekiswa ubungqingili bendoda, ubufanasini bufundisiwe. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo phakathi kwabasetyhini, ngokobunjani babo, abunakonakalisi kangako kwaye kubandakanya iingxaki ezincinci, kwaye ke akukho sidingo sithe ngqo sokukhokelela kwiinzame zophando kule ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwinto encinci eyaziwayo malunga nabasetyhini abangena kubudlelwane besini esifanayo, umfanekiso awuyiloo nto umnyama. Abafazi abathandana abathandanayo kunye nabathandanayo basengozini enkulu yokubandezeleka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokubonisa inani lemiba enxulumene nendlela yabo yokuphila: ubudlelwane bexesha elifutshane, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala, icuba kunye neziyobisi, ubundlobongela beqabane kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wosulelo lwe-STD. Amadoda athandana nabantu abathandanayo, phantsi Umngcipheko wokukhula koxinzelelo kunye nomhlaza wamabele, и rhoqo Xela ubukho besifo samathambo, i-asthma, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukubetha, inani elonyukayo lezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nempilo enkenenkene ngokubanzi.
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UJan Goland kunyango lobufanasini (udliwanondlebe wevidiyo ekhethekileyo)
I ngcaciso
Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1990, izishoshovu zesini e-US zazama ukwenza ukuba amafanasini athathelwe ingqalelo njenge “qela elikhuselweyo” kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo. Ukuze iqela elithile labantu lifumane inqanaba elikhuselweyo, imele ibe yeyentsusa, ingabinayo yonke into kwaye ingaguquki (engeyiyo le gay yabantu). Ngokuphathelene noku, izishoshovu zesini zabhengeza iintsomi ezahlukeneyo ezazithathwa lula zaza zasasazwa yimithombo yeendaba yenkululeko. Ngokuchasene neinyani zezenzululwazi kunye nengqondo eqhelekileyo, ibanga ukuba umntu omnye kwabalishumi abathandana nabantu besini esinye, kwaye ukuba umdla kwisini somntu yinto ezelwe ngayo, njengohlanga, olubangelwa luhlobo oluthile kwaye aluguquki njengombala wolusu. Kwilinge lokuzama ukuzilinganisa nabantu abambalwa abacinezelweyo, abo bathandana nabo bade baqulunqa intetho engeyonyani njenge "ezincinci ngokwesini" kunye "nabantu abathandanayo".
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Intsomi "yokwahluka kwengqondo"
Njengokuqinisekiswa "kobuzalwane" bomtsalane wobufanasini, abagqugquzeli be-LGBT bahlala bebhekisa kubo kufunda Isazi ngemithambo-luvo uSimon LeVay osuka kwi-1991, apho wafumanisa ukuba i-hypothalamus yamadoda “athandana nesini esifanayo” ilingana naleyo yabasetyhini, ekucingelwa ukuba ibenza amafanasini. Yintoni ngokwenene eyafunyanwa nguLeVay? Into angazange ayifumane ngokuqinisekileyo yayilunxibelelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo.
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Ngaba i- "Homophobia" yindawo eqhelekileyo?
V. Lysov
I-imeyile: science4truth@yandex.ru
Uninzi lwezi zinto zilandelayo zishicilelwe kwiphephandaba elijongisiswa ngoontanga. Izifundo zanamhlanje zeengxaki zentlalo, i-2018; Umthamo 9, No.8: 66 - 87: V. Lysov: "Ukulunga kunye nokuthatyathwa kokusetyenziswa kwegama elithi" Homophobia "kwintetho yesayensi neyasesidlangalaleni".
DOI: 10.12731/2218-7405-2018-8-66-87.
Iziphumo eziphambili
(1) Isimo sengqondo esibucayi kubufanasini asihlangabezani neempawu zokuxilongwa kwephobia njengengqondo yengqondo. Akukho luvo lwe-nosological of "homophobia", ligama lokuthetha rhetoric kwezopolitiko.
(2) Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "ubungqingili" kwinkqubela yenzululwazi ukubonisa yonke imbonakalo yesimo sengqondo esigwenxa yinto engalunganga. Ukusetyenziswa kwebinzana elithi "Homophobia" kuthoba umgca phakathi kwesimo sokuqonda esikukuthandana kwabantu abathandana besini esinye ngokusekwe kwiinkolelo zembono kunye neendlela zokubonakalisa ubukrwada, ukutshintsha umbono wokudibanisa intshabalalo.
(3) Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwegama "ubungqingili" linyathelo elinamandla elijolise kumalungu oluntu olungamkeliyo indibaniselwano yendlela yokuphila yobungqingili kuluntu, kodwa abangaziva intiyo okanye bengoyiki abantu abfanasini.
(4) Ukongeza kwinkolelo kunye neenkcubeko zenkcubeko, isiseko sesimo sengqondo esibucayi kwimisebenzi yesini esifanayo, ngokucacileyo, amajoni omzimba - impendulo yendalo isikiziUphuhliswe kwinkqubo yokuvela komntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yococeko oluphezulu kunye nokuzala.
Unyango lobufanasini ngaphambi kwexesha lokuchaneka kwezopolitiko
Iimeko ezininzi zonyango oluyimpumelelo lolungiso lobufanasini kunye nomtsalane zichazwe banzi kuncwadi lobuchwephesha. Xela Umbutho weSizwe woFundo kunye noNyango loBungqingili ubonelela ngesishwankathelo sobungqina obunamandla, iingxelo zekliniki kunye nophando ukusuka ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nto leyo ebonisa ubungqina bokuba amadoda kunye nabasetyhini abanomdla banokwenza utshintsho ukusuka kubufanasini ukuya kwisini esinye. Ngaphambi kwexesha lokuchaneka kwezopolitiko, yayiyinyani eyaziwayo yesayensi, ekhululekileyo Ubhale umshicileli ophakathi. Nditsho noMbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association, ngaphandle kobufanasini bobufanano kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo kwi1974, qaphele, oko Iindlela zonyango zanamhlanje zivumela inxenye ebalulekileyo yabantu abathandana nabafazi abafuna ukutshintsha indlela abathanda ngayo ukwenza njalo..
Uguqulelo olulandelayo amanqaku isuka kwiNew York Times ye1971.
