E-1987, ekuphakameni kwePerestroika eSoviet Union, enye i-perestroika yaqala eMelika. Izishoshovu ezimbili ezingungqingili ezivela eHarvard University, omunye wazo owayenguchwepheshe kwezokuxhumana nomphakathi kanti omunye engudokotela wezengqondo, wanyathelisa i-athikili enesihloko esithi “Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-America yobungqingili", Obalule amaphuzu aphambili ecebo lokuguqula amanani wenhlalo womuntu waseMelika omaphakathi nesimo sakhe sengqondo ngobungqingili. Leli cebo lamukelwe futhi kuvunyelwe NgoFebhuwari 1988 'engqungqutheleni yamasosha' eWarrenton, lapho izishoshovu ze-GNUMX ezazizihola phambili ezweni lonke zahlangana. Manje, uma sibheka emuva, singasho ukuthi uhlelo lwabo aluzange lwenziwe ngempumelelo, kepha lwaze lwadlula: onyakeni we-175, abaphathi baka-Obama bamemezele "ukulwela amalungelo ezinto zocansi" okufanele kubekwe phambili kwenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika, yaphenduka iMelika yaba yindawo yomhlaba wonke yemibono ye-LGBT, naku-2011 Inkantolo Ephakeme yaseMelika iyalele zonke izifundazwe ukuthi zibhalise futhi zamukele umshado wobungqingili. Uhlelo lwesishoshovu sesitabane lwachazwa encwadini kumakhasi we-2015 "Ngemuva kweBhola: INingizimu Melika izonqoba kanjani ukwesaba kwayo nenzondo yezitabane kuma-90's". Isishoshovu se-LGBT u-Igor Kochetkov (umuntu osebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle) enkulumweni yakhe "Amandla ezepolitiki wenhlangano ye-LGBT yomhlaba: izishoshovu zawufeza kanjani umgomo wazo" wathi lo msebenzi usephenduke “izinhlamvu” zezishoshovu ze-LGBT emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanya naseRussia, futhi abaningi basaqhubeka nalezi zimiso. Lokhu okulandelayo kucashunwe encwadini futhi esihlokweni esandulele.

Ukutholwa Okusemqoka

(1) Ukusetshenziswa komgudu wesibeletho njengesitho sangasese kuhlobene nengozi yezempilo yesimo esithathelwanayo nesihlukumezanayo.

(2) Phakathi kwabantu abahola indlela yokuphila yobungqingili, abesilisa nabesifazane, kunezingozi eziningi ezanda zezifo ezahlukahlukene, zombili ezithathelanayo (i-HIV, i-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, njll.), Kanye nokuhlinzwa nokuhlinzwa kwengqondo.

Igama elithi "Homophobia", elakhiwa ekugcineni kwe-60 ngesishoshovu sezitabane uGeorge Weinberg, selibe yithuluzi elibalulekile ekuqulweni kwezepolitiki kwezishoshovu ze-LGBT kanye nababambisene nabo.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ngaphansi kwesibhengezo 'senkinga yokugcwala kwabantu', umhlaba ubuphethwe umkhankaso wenkohliso womhlaba wonke ohlose ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuzala kanye nokunciphisa inani labantu. Emazweni athuthukile iningi, isilinganiso sokuzalwa sesivele sehle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezinga lokuzala okulula kwesibalo sabantu, futhi isibalo sabantu asebekhulile silingana nenani lezingane noma lidlula ngisho lelo. Umshado uya ngokuya uphela ngesehlukaniso bese uthathelwa indawo ngokuhlalisana. Izindaba ezingaphandle kobungqingili, ubungqingili kanye ne-transgender phenomena bathole isimo sokuphambili. Ukususwa kweningi, hhayi "okwenganekwane" waba iqiniso elisha lomhlaba.