Katswiri wodziwika bwino wama zamagetsi wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi Gerard van den Aardweg adasankha mwapadera maphunziro ndi chithandizo cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwa zaka zambiri zomwe wakhala akuchita zaka 50. Membala wa National Science Advisory Committee of the National Association for the Study and Treatment of Hom ushoga (NARTH), wolemba mabuku ndi zolemba za sayansi, lero ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri ochepa omwe amayesa kufotokozera zenizeni za nkhaniyi pamipingo yokhazikika, molingana ndi cholinga, osati malingaliro opotoka zosankha. Pansipa pali mawu ake "The Naturalization" Yogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna ndi Humanae Vitae "werengani pamsonkhano wapapa Sukulu ya Moyo wa Anthu ndi Banja m'chaka cha 2018.

Kutsimikizira kuponderezedwa kwa malingaliro a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, YouTube idachotsa kanemayo molakwika ndi "mawu atsankho," ngakhale, monga gulu la anthu, YouTube ilibe ufulu woletsa. Pakali pano pali zochita zotsutsana ndi YouTube kumbali ya PragerU milandu za izi. Zomwe zimayambitsa kubzala kwa malingaliro a LGBT padziko lapansi zimawululidwa apa.

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Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuyenera kufotokozedwa motengera zokopa m'malo machitidwe, monga momwe matanthauzidwe ena amachitira, kusakaniza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati vuto logonana ndi machitidwe ogonana amuna okhaokha omwe samasonkhezeredwa ndi zokopa (mwachitsanzo, miyambo yoyambitsa mafuko osagwirizana kapena zochitika zogonana). Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi gawo logonana kapena losakhalitsa amayendetsa ku chikazi chanu, komanso chidwi chamwano kapena chocheperako, после unyamata, kuyambira, nkuti, ndi 17 - 18 zaka. Mwa ambiri kuyerekezera kodalirika, ochepera kuposa 2% ya amuna ndi 1,5% azimayi amakopeka ndi zomwezi.

Ndigwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "gay" pofotokoza omwe amasankha kunena zomwe amakonda ndikukhala mwanjira yomweyo; alipo ambiri lero. Komabe, pafupifupi 20% sindikufuna muzindikire ngati "gay" ndikulandira moyo uno. Gululi lilibe mawu pagulu ndipo limasankhidwa ndi gulu la amuna azitabane.

Momwe munthu amagwirizirana ndi kukopa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikofunikira. Pozizoloweretsa, amapondereza malingaliro ake ndi chikumbumtima chake, ndikusintha kumvetsetsa kwamkati kuti kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikosemphana ndi chilengedwe ndikudzinamiza kuti ndi kwachibadwa komanso kwachilengedwe. Akayamba kunama motere, amakakamizidwa kuti agwiritsitse kuyanjanitsa, zomwe zimalungamitsa kusankha kwake ndikumuthandiza kudziona kuti ndi munthu wabwinobwino, wathanzi komanso wamakhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa chake, amadzilekanitsa ndi zenizeni, amadzitsekera m'malingaliro okhumba ndipo, posafuna kuwona zowona za iyemwini, akufuna kusintha malingaliro ndi malingaliro achilengedwe okhudzana ndi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 98% yaumunthu, omwe amawona kuti ndi "amwano". M'malo mwake, si gulu, chikhalidwe kapena chipembedzo chomwe chimamuzunza, koma chikumbumtima chake. Kukhazikika kwa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumatembenuza zonse mozondoka: "Si ine - ndinu openga" ...

Pali zifukwa zambiri zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, mwachitsanzo: "chikondi cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuposa helo hetero-chikondi; ndiwokonda, wopukutira, wopusa, wopita patsogolo ”, ndi zina zotere. Izi zikusonyeza kuti izi ndi zopanda pake za anthu awa omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi achinyamata awo, pomwe chikondi chenicheni chogonana pakati pa akulu sichikupezeka.

Malingaliro ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali kukonza nthawi yakutha msinkhu, momwe 40% ya amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakopeka ndi achinyamata, ndipo kwa 2 / 3 mwa iwo bwenzi labwino pansi pa 21 chaka. Chifukwa chake, zoyenda naye pafupi - kugonana ndi ana, nthawi zonse kwakhala njira imodzi yosonyezera kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mwa njira, onyoza ndi ansembe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo okhala. Ansembe awa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amakonzekereranso “chikondi cha mwamuna ndi mwana” m'njira yonga ya mwana (zina pro-lgbt.ru/309).

Malingaliro amtundu wa gay amalimbikitsa zolakwika zingapo, koma onse ndi mabodza. Amachita bwino ngati "zakuda" kwachilengedwe, akuti, "obadwa mwatsopano", komanso pa "kusakhazikika"Kusokonezeka. M'malo mwake, ziphunzitso zachilengedwe sizinatsimikizidwepo. Pambuyo gay coup mu xnumx chakapamene American Psychological and Psychiatric Associations idasiya sayansi, malingaliro a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adayamba kupondereza mabungwe ophunzira. Ofufuzawo, makamaka omwe amachita zachiwerewere, achita zoyesayesa zambiri kuti potsiriza apeze mtundu wina wazinthu zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Koma chochititsa chidwi, zotsatira zotsutsana zinapezedwa - kuchuluka kwa deta ya sayansi kumangowonjezera kukayikira kuti izi zilipo. Nthano yachilengedwe yasweka mzidutswa: ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi mahomoni abwinobwino, majini ndi ubongo. Koma izi sizingatifikire. Komanso, chiphunzitso cha "kusasinthika" chimathandizidwa mwamphamvu, popeza kuthekera kwakusintha sikuwopseza osati kokha zilembo za ma normalizers, komanso mfundo yomwe ambiri amafunika kulungamitsira moyo wawo.

Kuzindikira kwa anthu ambiri, kuwonetsera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amakakamizidwa kuponderezedwa limodzi ndi nthano ya "innate", kwakhala chida chothandiza kwambiri pothana ndi zomwe anthu omwe akuchita zachiwerewere amakhala ndi "ufulu wofanana" chifukwa chakugonana.

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Tiyeni tsopano tikambirane mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamaganizidwe ndi zomwe ananena pa nkhani yogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zambiri pamwambazi zimagwiranso ntchito pa malebianism, kusiyana kokhako kuti "mayi" akuyenera kulowedwa ndi "abambo", "anyamata" ndi "girlish", ndi zina.

Zomverera za jenda limodzi zimakhazikika muunyamata pakati pa anyamata omwe amafuna unyamata kapena mwamisala, monga, mzimu wovuta komanso wolimbana. Ambiri a iwo adaleredwa mofewa, chifukwa chake alibe ulesi. Khalidwe lawo lofewa komanso ngakhale ukazi umawapangitsa kukhala opanda nkhawa pakati pa anzawo amuna kapena akazi, pamaso pa kulimba mtima komwe amadziona kuti ndi otsika. Uku si chikhalidwe chamkati, koma zotsatira za maphunziro, maubale ndi makolo komanso zizolowezi zoyambira.

Mwachidule anapangidwira kapena wokhumudwa chamuna chamnyamata woyamba kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi chifukwa chamalingaliro a amayi ake, omwe adalamulira kwambiri moyo wake wam'maganizo, pomwe chidwi cha abambo ake, omwe amayenera kupangitsa kuti abambo azikula, anali osanama kapena osavomerezeka. Kusiyanasiyana kwa chithunzichi kumapezeka pafupifupi 60% ya milandu yogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zina mwazofunikira zimaphatikizapo zolakwika zakuthupi ndi zoperewera, makolo achichepere kapena achikulire, kuleredwa ndi agogo, maubale pakati pa abale.

Nthaŵi zambiri mnyamata ankasonyeza kusakonda amayi ake ndipo ngakhale kuwadalira, pamene kugwirizana ndi atate wake kunali kolakwika m’njira ina. Mwachitsanzo, mnyamatayo akhoza kukhala wotetezedwa mopitirira muyeso - mtundu wa mnyamata wa amayi "wolowetsedwa" mopambanitsa, yemwe amasungidwa ndi kupembedzedwa. Amayi ake sanam'chitire monga momwe mnyamata weniweni ayenera kuchitidwira - ndi kudodometsa mopitirira muyeso, nthawi zina m'njira yogonana. Zinthu izi za chikoka cha makolo zakhazikitsidwa modalirika.

Kuphatikizika kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi kuwonekera kwa kukopeka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kutsogoloku kumatha kulephera kudziko lonse lapansi pakati pa akazi kapena anyamata - ndiye kuti, chinthu chodzipatula pakati pa anzawo. Kudzimva ngati wakunja ndi wocheperako ngati munthu kwamakhala kowawa kwambiri kwa wachinyamata. Poona kuti siwina, amalakalaka kucheza ndi anthu ena ndipo amayamba kusirira achinyamata ena omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yolimba mtima yomwe akuganiza kuti sachokera kwa iye. Ndipo samangoganiza choncho, koma amakumanadi ndi vuto loperewera. Panthawi yakutha msinkhu, kulakalaka koteroko kumatha kuyambitsa malingaliro oyipa okonda kuyandikana ndi ena omwe amakonda koma osavomerezeka. Maloto oterewa ndi achifundo - amachokera pakudzimvera chisoni kapena kusungulumwa, kusowa kwa abwenzi kapenanso kuti si "m'modzi mwa anyamata". Makamaka pamene maloto awa akuphatikizidwa ndi kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi, zimakulitsa chikhumbo cha mnyamatayo ndipo zimawonjezera chidwi chake chakunja ndi kudzimvera chisoni. Malingaliro awa ndiwowonjezera.

Mwachidule, maubwenzi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi malingaliro osasamala a malingaliro osatheka pakutha msinkhu; lidakonzeka lokha. Wina mnzake amatanganidwa kwathunthu - "ayenera kukhala kwathunthu za ine". Uku ndi kuchonderera kopanda tanthauzo kwa chikondi, kufuna kwa chikondi, osati chikondi chenicheni. Ngati kupusa kumeneku sikutha mu unyamata, kumatha kutha kuyendetsa malingaliro amunthuyo ndikudziyimira pawokha pagalimoto. Zotsatira zake, munthu pang'ono kapena mwamalingaliro amakhalabe wachinyamata pazoganiza zake, momwe amamvera, zizolowezi, maubale ndi makolo ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Samafika mu kukhwima ndipo amalamuliridwa ndi zolengedwakugonana kwamiseche komanso kudziyamwa kwambiri, makamaka pakulakalaka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Wojambula mafilimu Pazolini, pofotokoza za "njala yosatha ya chikondi cha mizimu yopanda moyo", anali m'gulu la zitsanzo zambiri. Wopanga mafashoni aku Germany wakufanizira izi ndi "kusiya kumwa madzi amchere" - mukamamwa kwambiri, ludzu lanu limakulirakulira.

Chiwonetsero cha amuna omwe ali ndi amuna omwe amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chotere chidzakhala chopatsa ulemu, mwachitsanzo, wolemba mabuku owunikira Simenon, yemwe anali wonyadira kuti wagonjetsa azimayi ambiri. Amuna otere ali ndi luntha la wachinyamata, palinso zovuta zotsika.

Mulimonsemo, maubwenzi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Umu ndi momwe bambo wina wazaka zapakatikati anawafotokozera: “Ndimakhala ndi anthu ambiri omwe ndimagona nawo, ndipo ena a iwo omwe ndimawavomereza. Amapikisanso chikondi chawo kwa ine, koma maubale ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amayamba ndikutha ndi kugonana. Pambuyo posakhalitsa kwachikondi, kugonana kumacheperachepera, okwatirana amayamba kuchita mantha, amafuna malingaliro atsopano ndikuyamba kusinthana. ” Anena mwachidule za moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso chowonadi chodalirika, popanda malingaliro a kutha msinkhu ndi zonena zabodza: ​​"Moyo wama gay ndi chinthu chankhanza. Sindikufuna ngakhale mdani wanga wamkulu kwambiri. ” Chifukwa chake musakhulupirire mabodza okhudza maukwati “abwino, okhulupirika ndi achikondi,” monga Akatolika okhulupirika. Uku ndi kuchenjera kuti musinthe kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi kugonana kwamanjenje. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi neurosis yogonana, komanso matenda a mzimu.

Zomwe tatchulazi zikuwonetsa kuti chithandizo, kapena kudziphunzitsira, ndikulimbana - mosakayikira, kukhudzidwa ndi kugonana - koma koposa zonse kulimbana ndi kudzikonda kopanda tanthauzo, kudzikonda komanso kudzimvera chisoni. Kulimbana ndi zizolowezi komanso kuwonetsa zabwino, makamaka monga kuwona mtima, chikondi, udindo, kupirira komanso kudzipereka, ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kuthetsa zizolowezi zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha makamaka ndikulimbana ndi iwe wekha, komabe, zosintha zoyambira, zazikulu komanso zosakhalitsa zachitika nthawi zambiri, makamaka mothandizidwa ndi moyo wokhazikika wachipembedzo.

Tithokoze ndale komanso kupita patsogolo kwa malingaliro azakugonana, chithandizo ndi upangiri wa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pakusintha, zikuchulukirachulukira, ngakhale zili kwenikweni pankhani yodzichiritsa. Komabe, kupyola kwakukulu, njira zabwino zotere sizisiya kulandira chitsimikiziro.

Mabungwe andale omwe amalimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akuyesera kuthetseratu mchitidwewu komanso zofalitsa. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ndalama zenizeni zoletsa kuchitira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku Ireland. Homotirania idatigweradi.

Mu 2003, mwachitsanzo, Pulofesa Spitzer waku Columbia University, yemweyo yemwe adapereka APA ku malo achitetezo achiwerewere, adasindikiza kuphunzira pa zaupangiri pakati pa amuna ndi akazi a 200 amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Gawo laling'ono la iwo lasintha kwambiri, pomwe ambiri adasintha pakukhudzana ndi kugonana komanso malingaliro. Palibe chizindikiro chovulaza, koma kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukhumudwa. Mphepo yamkuntho yochokera ku gay yomwe idakhazikitsidwa idamgwera ndi mkwiyo waukulu womwe sunachitike. Ngakhale adamulakwira, kuphatikizapo kukana kufalitsa komanso kutayika kwa othandizira, Spitzer adalimbikirabe kumbuyo kwake kwa zaka 9, koma pomaliza adasweka *. Pambuyo pake adavomera kwa ine mkulankhula kuti sadzatchulanso nkhani yoyipa yokhudza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

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* Pokambirana ndi The New York Times, Spitzer adapepesa pagulu lanyanjali ndipo adati akufuna kusiya ntchito yake, natchulanso kuti adagwirizana ndi omwe amamutsutsa kuti palibe chitsimikizo kuti zonena za ofunsidwawa zinali zolondola, ngakhale zitawoneka kuti akunena zowona. Komabe, ntchito yasayansi ikhoza kukumbukiridwa pokhapokha ngati ili ndi zolakwika kapena zopeka, koma popeza Spitzer anali ndi chilichonse chokhudza nkhaniyi, mkonzi wa magaziniyo asayansiyo adangomukana, chifukwa kutanthauzira kwa zomwe zikupezeka sikukhudza mtundu wawo.
Scott Hershberger, katswiri komanso wolemba masamu yemwe amamvera za gay, atasanthula kafukufuku wa Spitzer, adatsimikiza kuti ndi umboni wotsimikiza kuti kuthandizanso kwina kumathandizanso anthu kusintha malingaliro awo ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. "Tsopano onse omwe akukayikira mankhwala obwezeretsanso mankhwala ayenera kupereka umboni wokwanira kuti agwirizane ndi malingaliro awo," anamaliza.

Kuwonjezera:

• Chiphunzitso Chomvetsa Chisoni cha Kugonana Kwazakugonana (Aardweg 1972) .pdf

• Pa Psychogenesis Yogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (Aardweg 2011) .pdf

Nkhondo yanthawi zonse - Gerard Aardweg