Intloko yombutho obufanasini iGLSEN, Ndithatha kwinkomfa yeenkokeli ze "LGBT movement" ngo-1995, wachaza indlela iinkqubo zobufanasini ezaziswa ngayo kwikharityhulam yamaziko emfundo karhulumente:

“Ukusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo sisitshixo soloyiso. Imele ukunxulunyaniswa neenqobo eziqhelekileyo zabantu. Ukubiza ingxelo yethu "Izikolo eziKhuselayo eziGi kunye neeLesbians", sazicinezela ezopolitiko ukuba sizikhusele kwaye sababamba umgca wokuhlaselwa. Sijonge kakhulu kwindlela esisifo sokuthandana kwabantu ababhinqileyo (i-Homophobia) isisongelo kukhuseleko lwabafundi kwaye kudala imeko apho ugonyamelo, iingxaki zempilo kunye nokuzibulala kuxhaphake khona. Akukho mntu unokuphikisa amazwi ethu athi, "Ndicinga ukuba abafundi abafuni zokhuseleko, mabazibulale," kwaye oku kwasivumela ukuba sizifumanele iimeko zethu. ”

Ngoncedo lwezinto ezixhaphakisayo zesini, abaphembeleli be-homo-activates bakwazisa iiklasi ezinxulumene nesini esinye, ezikolweni, behambisa iincwadi zabo kumathala eencwadi, iiklabhu zasesitratweni ezivulekileyo, njl njl. Phantsi kwesizathu sokuthintela ubundlobongela kunye nokuzibulala, bakhuthaza ubufanasini kwaye buyekise nengqondo yabantwana abangafundanga ngaphandle kolwazi nemvume yabazali babo. Umyalezo wabo ophambili ebantwaneni: "Musa ukuzama ukucinezela utyekelo lwakho lobufanasini, wazalwa unje. Phumani niqhayise ngokuba nifanasini. ” Bakwakhuthaza abantwana ukuba "baphonononge ubuni babo besini" kwaye bazame ubudlelwane bobungqingili kunye nabo. Ke incwadi efundwayo yebanga lesithoba ithi "ukuba neentlobano zesini yindawo yokulingwa, impazamo nokuzikhethela," nokuba "kuvavanya amandla akho esini xa ukwishumi elivisayo kunokukhuseleka ngakumbi kumaqabane akho esini."

Ngapha koko, ukubandakanyeka abakwishumi elivisayo kwindlela yokuphila yobungqingili kwandisa umngcipheko wabo wokuzibulala ngamaxesha e-5.

Eyona nto icokisekileyo ukuqaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30 kwaye iqhutywe eSweden, apho inkcubeko ixhasa kakhulu "abantu be-transgender", bebhala ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwengqondo ebomini babo bonke. I-10 ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-15 emva kotyando lokwabelana ngesondo, izinga lokuzibulala phakathi kwabo baye benza utyando lokuphinda babelwe ngokwesondo lonyuke amaxesha angama-20 xa kuthelekiswa noontanga.

Izibalo zokuzama ukuzibulala kwabantu yi-4.6%, phakathi kwe-LGB - 20%, kunye naphakathi kwabantu be-transgender - i-41%, oko kukuthi, phantse yonke imizuzwana. Izishoshovu ze-LGBT zingxamile ukuchaza la manani alusizi “ngocalucalulo” kunye “nengcinezelo” yoluntu “olunganyamezeliyo”, kodwa amava amazwe anokunyamezelana nabantu abambalwa bohlanga abonisa ukuba akunjalo.

Ipesenti yokuzibulala phakathi 'kwezinto ezincinci ngokwesondo' kumazwe afana neDenmark, Netherlands, Finland okanye Sweden, apho bengafumani kufumana senzo sibuhlungu ebantwini. phezulu kakhulunjengezinye indawo. Okothusayo, ukwamkelwa okubanzi kukawonkewonke ngokwesini kuphela kukhokelela ekwandeni kwezifo kunye nokubandezeleka phakathi kwe-LGB. Ukuziphatha okwenzakalisayo kwabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo kubi kakhulu apho baziva bakhululekile (umzekelo, eSan Francisco).

Ukuba sithatha abantu abamnyama baseMelika, ucalucalulo kunye nengcinezelo eyayifunyenwe isemthethweni ngurhulumente (jonga kwi-Jim Crow Laws), sifumanisa ukuba ipesenti yokuzibulala yayikuwo. ngezantsikunaphakathi kwabacinezeli bakhe abamhlophe. Ngaloo ndlela, ingcinezelo yentlalo ayinyuki (kunye nokuvunyelwa kuyancipha) amazinga okuzibulala. Akukho malunga "nocalucalulo" konke konke, kodwa malunga neempawu zengqondo zaba bantu. Kukho udidi olulodwa kuphela lwabantu apho ipesenti yokuzama ukuzibulala i-20-40%, njengabantu be-LGBT, ezi ziyi-schizophrenics.

Phantse bonke abo babefanelana nesini esinye bathi iingcinga zokuzibulala aziveli kwintiyo yabanye, kodwa ngenxa yokuzicekisa okwabo kunye noko bakwenzayo ngemizimba yabo, kunye nakwimvakalelo yokudandatheka nokungabi nathemba, kuba babeqinisekile ukuba akukho ndlela ukutshintsha. Ukongeza, kuyaziwa ukuba abantu abathandana abathandana nabantu abathandanayo baba ngabantu abangabacekiyo kwaye bonzakale ngokulula, abo owona msitho ungoyikiyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imizamo yokuzibulala ibonakalisa ubukho beengxaki zengqondo, kodwa ungasoloko ukhokelela ekubulaweni. Uhlalutyo ukuzibulala kwabantu e-United States kutyhila ezona zinto ziphambili kunye neempawu zokuzibulala kwabantu be-LGBT. Uninzi lokuzibulala luvela kwiminyaka eyi-40-59, xa owona mbuzo uphezulu ukukhangela iqabane, okanye ukugcinwa kwakhe (isizungu), kunye nokuvuka iingxaki zempilo (Intsholongwane kaGawulayo, ii-STDs, ubunxila kunye neziyobisi). Inani elingabalulekanga lokuzibulala emva kweminyaka ye-60 ibonakala inomdla, enokubonisa izizathu zokuzibulala ezingahambelani nocalucalulo, kodwa ezinxulumene nolwalamano lobuqu, kubandakanya abo basondeleyo, okanye ukwanda ukusweleka kwezinye izizathu.

I-47,8% yabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo (G.) kunye ne-68,8% yabantu abathandanayo (L.) abazibulalayo bafunyaniswa benengxaki yempilo yengqondo. I-44,5% G. kunye ne-51,2% L. ngaphambili belunyangwa ngengqondo. Ukuzibulala kwe-lesbian kubangelwa ikakhulu iingxaki ezisondeleyo neqabane - 70,7%Iingxabano -I-29,3%. Phakathi kwabantu abathandana besini esinye nabo bakhonza njengesona sizathu siphambili iingxaki ezisondeleyo - 36,4% kunye neengxabano - 21,2%. Iziganeko zobomi ezikhokelela kukuzibulala bezihambelana ikakhulu nengxaki yexesha elifutshane (ngaphakathi kweeveki ezimbini) kunye neengxaki zempilo.

EUnited States, ipateni engaqhelekanga inokulandelelwa: inani le-LGBT yokuzama ukuzibulala ayixhomekekanga kunyamezelo lukarhulumente. Kwakwimeko efanayo, imeko yohluka kakhulu: eCalifornia, kwilizwe liphela, i-19.7% “yabantu abakwishumi elivisayo be-LGB” bazame ukuzibulala, kodwa kwiindawo apho abantu be-LGBT bagxile khona, ipesenti yabantwana abathandana besini esifanayo abazama ukuzibulala yonyuka yaya kutsho kuma-24% eLos Angeles kwaye. 31% eSan Francisco.-Francisco! (I-CDC 2015). Uphando Umahluko phakathi kwe-LGB kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba be-heterosexual kwi-13 yophando lwelizwe lonke lubonise: isimo se-sexuality encinci yimeko ezinzileyo yengozi yokugula ngengqondo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kumgangatho wenkxaso ye-LGBT. Esi sigqibo siyaphikisana nokulindelwe zizazinzulu kunye nedatha yangaphambili ecebisa ikhonkco phakathi kwemozulu ye-LGB kwinqanaba likarhulumente kunye nempilo yengqondo ephuculweyo. Uphononongo luphinde lwafumanisa ukuba akukho phuculo ngokuhamba kwexesha, nasemva kokuba "umtshato" wesini esifanayo usemthethweni.

Izazinzulu ukubukela ukuhla kokuxhaphaka kwamalinge okuzibulala kuluntu, kodwa nangona kunjalo ukukhula ukunyamezelana kubantu be-LGBT, umlinganiselo wabantu be-LGBT kubantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo abazama ukuzibulala awukatshintshi. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye kufunda, oye wafunda utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo yabantu be-LGBT njengoko uluntu lwaba nokunyamezela ngakumbi, lwafumanisa ukuba nangona inkqubela phambili yentlalontle, ukungafani kwimpilo yengqondo phakathi kwabafundi abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo bayanda.

Kwakhona, ulwazi lombutho Iprojekthi yeTrevor musa ukubonisa naluphi na uphuculo olubonakalayo kulutsha lwe-LGBT malunga nokuzibulala. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho ukuwohloka okucacileyo kwimpilo yabo yengqondo.

Inkqubo yokuJonga iNgcipheko yokuziPhatha koLutsha eMassachusetts iyaqinisekisa ukuthambekela: Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2017, ukuzilimaza phakathi kolutsha lwama-gay aluzange lutshintshe, ngelixa phakathi kolutsha oluthandana nesini esahlukileyo kwakukho ukuncipha kokuziphatha okuyingozi. Kwaye oku nangona iMassachusetts yenye yezona ndawo zinyamezelayo, eyokuqala ngokusemthethweni "imitshato" yesini esifanayo eUnited States.

Ngaphandle kwemizamo yabaphembeleli bokuqinisekisa uluntu ukuba ukuvunyelwa ngokusemthethweni "komtshato wesini esifanayo" kunciphisa amathuba okuzama ukuzibulala, izazinzulu zaseCambridge ezivela "kwi-National Bureau of Economic Research" ziphikisiwe le ntsomi. Bazi ifunyenweukuba ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni "komtshato wesini esifanayo" ngesigqibo senkundla kunxulunyaniswa nokuwohloka kwempilo yengqondo yabantu be-LGBT, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphenduleni kakubi kwentlalo kulo tshintsho. Oko kukuthi, ukunyanzeliswa ngokusemthethweni "kwemitshato yesini esifanayo" akuphucuki, kodwa kubi ngakumbi impilo yengqondo "yeentlobano zesini ezincinci".

Phakathi kwamafanasini asebenza phantsi komgaqo wokufikelela kwiinjongo ezilungileyo “zokuthintela ukuzibulala” kulutsha, kukho abahlali abangama-404 kunye neprojekthi yeGets Better, egama elinokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "Yonke into iba ngcono." Le projekhthi ithi abantwana abanobungqingili bathanda ukuya kudlula kwixesha elinzima lokufikisa, emva koko baya kuba nobomi obumnandi bomntu ongatshatanga naye. Umsunguli weprojekthi uDan Savage uchazwe njengomzekelo, obo buvuvu bufihlakele njengezopolitiko buxhaswe ngabezopolitiko abanempembelelo (uBarack Obama, uHillary Clinton), abantu abadumileyo (uJustin Bieber, uTom Hanks) kunye nemibutho (Google, Apple). Kwangaphambili okubizwa ngokuba “kukukhusela ngaphandle” kwenzeka, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuzibulala, ikhefu nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Abasasazi be-LGBT baqinisekisa abantwana ngemfuno yesi senzo kwaye bade bapapashe nemiyalelo, ngaloo ndlela bebacenga ukuba bazibulale. Kodwa ngekhosi yendalo yokuphuhlisa ngokwesini kunye nangaphandle kwemvume yovavanyo oluyingozi, uninzi lwazo zinokwenza imeko eqhelekileyo yokuziqhelanisa nobungqingili.

Ngapha koko, ubomi bobufanasini nobudala buba kuphela kubi. Izibalo zesifo sikagawulayo, izifo ezabelana ngesondo kunye namathumbu, kunye nenqanaba lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neziyobisi ezinxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha kwabantu besini esifanayo ziyamangalisa. Ngokwe-APA, isinye kwisithathu sabo bonke abantu abathandana besini esinye siya kuthi bosulelwe yi-HIV okanye basweleke kwi-AIDS ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu. Ubudlova kwicala leqabane, ukusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi, ukuba lilolo, kunye noxinzelelo ziphakeme ngendlela engafaniyo phakathi kwabantu abathandana abathandanayo. Ubomi bunokuba ngcono xa umntu eshiya le nto eyonakalisayo и ukuphambuka indlela yokuphila enxibelelene nokuphembelela uqheliseloayihambelani kwimpilo-ntle yakhe.

"I-LGBT intshukumo" ayinakusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubuxoki nenkohliso. Yonke imibono yakhe ihambelana nenyani, ingcinga, ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo, kwaye yakhiwe kwiziteyitimenti ezingenasihlahla, ubuqhetseba beemvakalelo, i-sophology kunye ne-demagogy. Amatshantliziyo ngabom asasaza ubuxoki malunga nabo ukuphindaphindamalunga ukuzalwa и ukungasebenzi imeko yakhe, malunga nokubakho kwayo ngaphakathi ilizwe lezilwanyanangaye ukwamkelwa kumaxesha akudala njl. Ababhali abaziwayo besini esifanayo yamkelweukuba ezo ngxoxo ziyipostiyo yezopolitiko ukufumana ukwamkelwa koluntu kunye namalungelo awodwa.

Mhlawumbi obona buxoki bukhulu kukuba ukukhuthaza ubufanasini kunye ne-transsexualism kubantwana abafumana iingxaki ngesazisi sabo ngandlela thile kunokubanceda. Ukuzinzisa kunye nokuqhubela phambili ukukhohlisa kunye nokuphazanyiswa yeyona nto imbi kakhulu onokuthi ubenzele yona - ngokweemvakalelo, ngokwasengqondweni kwaye, ewe, ngokwezonyango. Olu lutsha luhlala lufuna uncedo lokwenyani, kodwa endaweni yoko lukhokelelwa kwindlela eyoyikekayo neyonakalisayo ejika ibe likhoboka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uninzi lwabakwishumi elivisayo, ingakumbi abo baye bafumana uhlobo oluthile lokwenzakala ngokwasengqondweni, ngokufuthi bavakalelwa kukuba bangaphantsi, akukho bani ubadingayo, yaye akukho mntu uya kuze abathande. Ukusebenzisa isiphithiphithi kunye nobulolo obuvela ekufikiseni, abagqugquzeli bama-gay bathatha abantwana ababhidekileyo phantsi kwamaphiko abo, bebanika "ingcwele" kuluntu lwe-LGBT olubanika imvakalelo yokuba kunye kunye nomanyano (olubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwintiyo yabo bonke abangavumelaniyo nabo. ). Ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nosizi olwenzeka kwiintsapho ezinabantwana abahluthwe kuzo ngala maqela ayinakulinganiswa.

Akukho namnye akazalwanga amafanasini. Ubungqingili luluhlu lweendlela ezifunyenweyo zengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha, endaweni yokufumana iimpawu zofuzo. Akukho sizathu sesayensi sokubanga ukuba abantu "bazalwe ngaloo ndlela," kunye ne-American Psychological Association, esebenzayo kwimicimbi yezopolitiko ukulungisa ubufanasini, iyavuma le nto. Kutshanje, abafundi abaphambili be-LGBT baqalise ukubongoza abaphembeleli ukuba bayeke ukukhuthaza intsomi "yangaphakathi kunye nokutshintsha okungaguqukiyo," kuba ubungqina obuninzi besayensi buqokelele ukuba oku akunjalo, kwaye ke ngenxa yokuqhubeka nokuxoxa ngokuchaseneyo yinto ehlekisayo.