Njengokuqinisekisa "ubuzwe" bokukhangwa ubungqingili, izishoshovu ze-LGBT zivame ukubhekisela kukho ukutadisha isazi sezinzwa uSimon LeVay wango-1991, lapho kuthiwa wathola khona ukuthi i-hypothalamus yabesilisa “abanobungqingili” ilingana neyabesifazane, okuthiwa ibenza ongqingili. Yini ngempela ayithola uLeVay? Angakutholanga ngokuqinisekile kwakuwukuxhumana phakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho kanye nemikhuba yocansi. 

U-LeVay wenze ucwaningo lwakhe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezidumbu. Uhlukanise lezi zifundo ngamaqembu amathathu - abesifazane “abathanda ubulili obuhlukile” abayi-6, amadoda “angongqingili” abangu-19 ababulawa ingculaza, namadoda “awungqingili” angu-16 (le mingcele inikezwa ngamamaki acashuniwe, njengoba ukukhetha komufi kwakucatshangwa kakhulu) . Eqenjini ngalinye, u-LeVay ulinganise ubukhulu bendawo ekhethekile yobuchopho eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pakati yesithathu ye-anterior hypothalamus (INAH-3). Ama-nuclei amaningi anjalo ahlukaniswa kwi-hypothalamus. usayizi kusukela ku-0.05 kuya ku-0.3 mm³, anezinombolo: 1, 2, 3, 4. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu be-INAH-3 buncike ezingeni le-hormone wesilisa testosterone emzimbeni: uma i-testosterone iyanda, i-INAH-3 inkulu. U-LeVay uthe osayizi be-INAH-3 kwabesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo babebancane kakhulu kunabesilisa abathandana nobulili obuhlukile, futhi babeseduze nosayizi ojwayelekile wesifazane. Futhi yize isampula lalihlanganisa “ongqingili” abanobukhulu obukhulu be-INAH-3 kanye “nabobulili obuhlukile” nobuncane, ngokusho kweLeVay, idatha etholiwe ikhombisa ukuthi “ukuthambekela kwezocansi kunesisekelo sebhayoloji.”

Kwakunamaphutha amaningi ezindlela esifundweni sikaLeVay, yena ngokwakhe aphoqeleka ukuba asho ephindelela, kepha abezindaba bathula ngabo. Okokuqala, ukukhetha okunenkinga kwezinto zokucwaninga: ULeVey wayengazi ukuthi iziphi izinkanuko zobulili iningi labantu ayebafunda ababenazo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Ubabeke njengabantu "abathandana nabobulili obufanayo" noma "ikakhulukazi abesilisa nabesifazane" ngokwesisekelo sokuphakama kwamanani amadoda abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane. 

Okwesibili, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ezigulini ezinengculazi esigabeni esibulalayo amazinga aphansi e-testosterone ayabhekwa, zombili ngenxa yethonya lesifo nangenxa yemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Kusuka kwidatha kaLeVay, akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani i-INAH-3 eyazalwa futhi ingafaki iqiniso lokuthi ingancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwempilo. U-LeVey ngokwakhe wenza ukubhuka esihlokweni esifanayo:

"... imiphumela ayisivumeli ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi usayizi we-INAH-3 uyimbangela noma umthelela wokuthambekela kocansi komuntu, noma ngabe ubukhulu be-INAH-3 nobungqingili bobulili buyashintsha ngokushintshwa kokunye okungafani okungaziwa okungu-XNUMX" (I-LeVay 1991, k. 1036).

Okwesithathu, asikho isizathu sokusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uLeVey uthole noma yini. Abaphenyi uRuth Hubbard no-Elijah Wald ebuzwa hhayi nje ukutolikwa kwemiphumela yeLeVay, kepha futhi neqiniso lokuthola noma yimuphi umehluko ophawulekayo. Yize uLeVey aveze ukuthi usayizi olinganiselwe we-INAH-3 mncane eqenjini lalabo abazoba ongqingili kuneqembu labantu abathandana nobungqingili, kulandela imiphumela yakhe ukuthi ukwehluka okuphezulu kanye nobuncane kwamanani kufana ncamashi kuwo womabili amaqembu. Ngokomthetho wokusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile, inani elikhulu labanikazi bezici linamapharamitha walesi sici ebangeni eliphakathi, futhi bambalwa kuphela abanikazi abanamapharamitha wenani eleqile. 

Ngokwemithetho yokubala kwezibalo, ukukhomba umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ezifundo, awukwazi ukuqhathanisa ipharamitha engenakho ukusatshalaliswa okuvamile. Ocwaningweni luka-LeVay, i-INAH-3 yehliswa ngosayizi emadodeni amaningi “angongqingili” nakwamanye amadoda “athanda ubulili obuhlukile,” futhi ivamile ngosayizi emadodeni amaningi “athanda ubulili obuhlukile” kanye “nongqingili” abathile. Lokhu kulandela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuphetha noma yini mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kobukhulu be-hypothalamus nokuziphatha kocansi. Ngisho noma noma yikuphi ukungezwani kwesakhiwo sobuchopho kuboniswe ngokuqiniseka, ukubaluleka kwabo bekuyoba ngokulingana nokutholakala kokuthi imisipha yabasubathi mikhulu kuneyabantu abavamile. Yiziphi iziphetho esingafinyelela kuzo ngokusekelwe kuleli qiniso? Ingabe umuntu uba nemisipha emikhulu ngokudlala imidlalo, noma ingabe ukuthambekela okungokwemvelo kwemisipha emikhulu kwenza umuntu abe umsubathi? 

Futhi okwesine, uLeVey akazange asho lutho mayelana nobudlelwano bokuziphatha kobulili ne-INAH-3 kwabesifazane.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uLeVey, ongazange afihle imilutha yakhe yobungqingili, wayezinikele ngokuphelele ekutholeni isisekelo semvelo sobungqingili. Ngokusho kwakhe: "Ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi uma ngingatholanga lutho, ngizoyeka ngokuphelele isayensi" (Newsweek xnumx, k. 49). Noma kunjalo, engxoxweni ye-1994, uLeVey uvumile:

“… Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi angikakufakazeli ukuthi ubungqingili buzelwe noma bathola imbangela yofuzo. Angikhombisanga ukuthi abantu abayizitabane “bazalwa benjalo” - leli iphutha elenziwa kakhulu. abantungihumusha umsebenzi wami. Angiphindanga ngathola "isikhungo sezitabane" ebuchosheni ... asazi ukuthi umehluko engiwutholile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa wawukhona noma wavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umsebenzi wami awuphenduli umbuzo wokuthi ngabe ubulili buqale ngaphambi kokuzalwa ... "(Nimmons xnumx).

Noma yimuphi uchwepheshe emkhakheni we-neuroscience uyazi into efana ne-neuroplasticity - amandla wezicubu zezinzwa ukuthi aguqule ukusebenza kwawo kanye nesakhiwo ngesikhathi sempilo yomuntu ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene, womabili ukulimala (ukulimala, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa), kanye nokuziphatha (I-Kolb 1998). Izakhiwo zobuchopho, isibonelo, ziguquka zisuka yokukhulelwahlala esikhaleni futhi unomusa imisebenzi umuntu ngamunye.

In 2000 Ngonyaka iqembu lososayensi ishicilele imiphumela yokuhlolwa kobuchopho eLondon abashayeli bamatekisi. Kwavela ukuthi kubashayeli bamatekisi, indawo yobuchopho ebhekene nokuxhumanisa indawo yayinkulu kakhulu kunabantu abaseqenjini elilawulayo abangasebenzi njengabashayeli bamatekisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu balesi sigaba buxhomeke ngqo kunamba yeminyaka echithwa ukusebenza etekisini. Ukube abaphenyi baphishekela izinhloso zezepolitiki, bebengasho okuthile okufana nalokhu: "Abashayeli bamatekisi badinga ukukhishwa ngakwesokunene futhi nomaphi lapho basebenza khona, kufanelekile ukushintshela kwesokunxele-drive drive kwesokunxele - ngoba bazalwe benjalo!"

Kuze kube manje, isisekelo sobufakazi obukholisayo buqoqelwe isisekelo sobumbano lwazo zombili izicubu zobuchopho ngokujwayelekile ne-hypothalamus ikakhulukazi (Izithelo xnumx; Thengisa i-2014; I-Mainardi 2013; Hatton xnumx; Theodosis 1993), ngakho-ke, ekuqinisekiseni kwamagama akhulunywe nguLeVey uqobo ku-1994, umnikelo ocwaningweni lwakhe kumqondo ophakeme wesimo sobungqingili ungu-zero.

ISIBONELELO SOKUCELWA KWESIFUNDO

Akekho okwazile ukuphinda imiphumela kaLeVey. Ekushicilelweni kwe-2001 yonyaka, iqembu lokucwaninga abavela eNew York benze ucwaningo olufanayo, beqhathanisa izindawo ezifanayo ze-hypothalamus njengasesifundweni seLeVay, kepha banedatha ephelele kakhulu nokusatshalaliswa kwezifundo okwanele. Akukho ukuhlangana kwesayizi kwe-INAH-3 nobungqingili okutholakele. Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi: 

“… Ukuya ocansini ngeke kubikezelwe ngokuthembekile ngokuya ngevolumu ye-INAH-3….” (Byne xnumx, k. 91).

Kunoma ikuphi, ukutholwa kobudlelwano bezibalo phakathi kokuguquguqukayo okufundiwe akusho neze ukuthi ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwabo bukhona. Noma ngabe imiphumela yocwaningo lukaLeVey iqinisekisiwe, bazokhombisa kuphela ubukhona be-neuropathology. Uma isibindi sendoda esikhundleni se-1,6 kg sinesisindo se-1,2 kg, njengesibindi sowesifazane, khona-ke i-pathology ethile ingaphethwa ngokuqiniseka. Okufanayo kusebenza kunoma yisiphi esinye isitho sobukhulu be-atypical, kufaka phakathi i-nucleus ye-hypothalamus.