Ubungqingili besifazane baziwa ngokuthi i-lesbianism (okuvame kakhulu ngama-sapphism, i-tribadism). Leli gama livela egameni lesiqhingi sesiGrikhi iLesbos, lapho uSappho wasendlovukazi yasendulo azalwa futhi ehlala khona, emavesini lapho kukhona khona izinkomba zothando phakathi kwabesifazane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobungqingili besilisa, ubungqingili besifazane bufundiswe kancane. Ubudlelwano bobulili obufanayo phakathi kwabesifazane abunakubhubhisa futhi bufaka izinkinga ezimbalwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho asikho isidingo esithile sokuqondisa imizamo yokucwaninga kule ndawo. Noma kunjalo, kusukela kokuncane okwaziwayo ngabesifazane abangena ebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo, akukho sithombe esibukeka njengemvula. Abesifazane abathandana nobungqingili basengozini enkulu yokuhlupheka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo futhi bakhombise izingqinamba eziningi ezihlobene nendlela yabo yokuphila: ubudlelwane besikhathi esifushane, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ugwayi nezidakamizwa, udlame lozakwethu kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka nge-STD. Izithandani ezindala, ngaphezu kontanga yazo, ngaphansi kwe ingozi yokuthola ukukhuluphala nomdlavuza webele, и kaningi bika ukuba khona kwamathambo, i-asthma, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, inani elandayo lezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nempilo engeyinhle iyonke.

I-Etiology
I-Lesbianism nguD. Nicolosi
I-Lesbianism ngu-A. Sigler-Smaltz
I-Lesbianism ngu-E. Bergler
Izibalo
I-HIV nama-STD
Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nemilutha
Ubudlova
Umdlavuza kanye nokukhuluphala
Kungenzeka ushintsho

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I-Etiology

Umahluko kufanele wenziwe phakathi kokuziphatha kobungqingili nokuhehwa kobungqingili, ngoba okunye akuhambisani nomunye. Imizwa yobungqingili ukuheha njalo kuwuphawu lwe-psychology yengqondo, ngenkathi ungungqingili isimilo hhayi ukuthi kuhambisane nokuhehwa kobungqingili futhi, ngakho-ke, akuvumeli isiphetho ngobukhona be-psychopathology kudokotela. Izizathu eziholela umuntu ophilile ngokwengqondo ukuthi enze imisebenzi yezocansi nobulili babo zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukugqoka bamba uma umlingani wobulili obuhlukile engatholakali, kufanele kwenziwe ngenxa yelukuluku, izifiso zobugovuinkanuko eyeqisayo futhi ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulilikepha ngasikhathi sinye bancishwe noma yimiphi imizwa nemizwa yobungqingili. Amanye amantombazane asemasha, ngaphansi kwethonya lemidiya, manje anquma ukuthi angabesilisa abangabesilisa ngoba akaze azizwe esondelana kakhulu nabesilisa futhi azizwa ekhululekile kakhulu ekusebenzeni nabesifazane. Ngokungangabazeki lokhu kungukuzigweba okujaha kakhulu futhi okunephutha, ngoba noma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane onobungqingili unomuzwa omkhulu wokuthembana, ukusondelana nokuqonda nabangane bakhe kunabantu abesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje sekuyimfashini kubantu abasha ukumemezela "impilo yabo", futhi amanye amantombazane azama ubulili bawo kakhulu ngenxa yemikhuba yesiko. Lezi ziqephu ezinjalo azinandaba nale ndatshana: izogxila kubungqingili, ibonakaliswa ukuphikelela futhi kunzima ukunqoba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nokuheha okuthandayo ebulilini bomuntu. Ukuba khona kokuheha okunjalo kumuntu kukhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthuka kwakhe kwezocansi kwenzeka isigameko esiphazamise inkambo yakhe ejwayelekile futhi savimbela ukufezeka kwesigaba sokugcina - ubungqingili. Ngale ndlela kukhululiwe imizwa yobungqingili kuwuphawu lokungakwazi ukuqina kwemizwa ne-neurosis.

Sizokwenza ukudonsa okuncane ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini eyakha i-neurosis ngokubuka kwengqondo ejulile. Edmund Bergler emsebenzini wakhe "I-Basic Neurosis" ichaza i-neurosis ngokuthi “isifo esichazayo (i.e., asihlobene nesamanje) isifo engazi", Okususelwa ekungqubuzeni kwezifiso ezingasho lutho, ukwesaba, umuzwa wecala kanye nesenzo izindlela zokuvikela... Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okulingene, okuvezwa ukuthambekela okungalunganga nokuzilimazayo, kepha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuthintana neqiniso (yize umbono walo ungaphanjaniswa kakhulu). Okuhlangenwe nakho komtholampilo kufakazela ukuthi i-neurosis iqhubeka kuphela eminyakeni edlule.

Imbangela ye-neurosis ingcindezi yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi edala ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo, okugcina kuphoqelelwe ukuba kuphume ukungazi. Endabeni yokuhehwa ngabobulili obufanayo, lokhu kungaba ukunukubezwa, ukucatshangelwa noma ukwaliwa kwangempela ngontanga noma ngabazali, ukwehluleka ukwakha ubudlelwano obuseduze namalungu obulili obufanayo. Isiguli asazi ingqikithi yengxabano eyimbangela, futhi kuphela ukuvikela okungazi lutho enkingeni ecindezelweyo kubonakala phezulu. I-neurotic ihlala ibheke umuntu noma izimo ezivumela ukuthi iphinde ibhekane nephethini yakhe ye-neurotic. Angafaniswa nendoda ephethe irekhodi legramafoni nayo yonke indawo futhi ngokungaphezi ifuna umucu lapho ingadlala khona irekhodi layo okuwukuphela kwayo - ukuthambekela kwayo okukhulu kokungazi lutho kwe-neurotic.

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi empeleni всех abantu banokuthambekela kwe-neurotic, kepha hhayi yonke eyengeziwe lapho yandiswa kangangokuba i-neurosis yenzeka. Lokhu kuyinkinga yenani, hhayi ikhwalithi (yize, njengoba uHegel abona, isikhathi singafika lapho ubungako baphenduka ikhwalithi). Umehluko onqumayo phakathi komuntu ojwayelekile no-neurotic ukuthi owokuqala unqobile ebuntwaneni bakhe ngezingxabano ngezinga elikhulu futhi umbono onenhloso engaphezulu yangempela, ngenkathi owokuhlukumeza ngokoqobo ekuphindaphindeni ngokungazi kwakhe izingxabano zobuntwana.

I-Lesbianism nguD. Nicolosi

Njengoba umsunguli weNational Association for the Study ofungqingili echaza, uDkt. UJoseph Nicolosi, impikiswano enkulu eyisisekelo sobungqingili ukwala kwentombazane equlekile ubufazi bayo. Imvamisa, lokhu kunqatshwa kusekelwe ekuhlukumezeni kwengqondo, okuvimbela ukusungulwa koxhumano nomama ngesikhathi esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kobunikazi besifazane. Noma ngabe intombazane ingakhombisi okweqile kokuziphatha kobudoda, kuzobe kusenezimpawu zokungqubuzana kobulili. Kwezinye izimo, amantombazane aphendukela ebungqingili ngokunganaki anquma ukuthi ukuba ngowesifazane akufuneki noma akuphephile. Abanye omama ngokungazi baletha amadodakazi abo ngesithombe esingakhangi sobufazi, bethula into ebuthakathaka noma engemihle yokuhlonza. Ngokwala omama njengento yokukhonjwa, amantombazane nawo enqaba ubufazi obenziwa omama bawo. Isibonelo, ngokubona umama ozithobayo, ngokuzithoba ekhuthazelela ukuhlazeka nobudlova obuvela endodeni, intombazanyana ngokungenangqondo inquma: "uma lokhu kusho ukuba ngowesifazane, angifuni ukuba yikho." Kwesinye isikhathi ukusabela okufanayo kubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi yindoda isencane. Ngokombono wentombazane, ubufazi bayo ngandlela thile budala udlame lwezocansi futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuze ivikeleke, intombazane ibona kunesidingo sokushiya ingxenye yayo "eyinkinga" yowesifazane. Abesifazane abahlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma abadlwengulwa ebuntwaneni nasebusheni cishe akunakwenzeka ukwethemba amadoda. Ngakho-ke, bangaphendukela kwabesifazane ukuthola ukwaneliseka kwesidingo sothando nezifiso zocansi.

Imvamisa, abesifazane abanjalo bafanele imikhuba yobudoda ngisho nokubukeka. Le ndlela yasendulo yokusinda ngokwengqondo, elingana nesitatimende esithi: “Uma othile engicasula, ngizoba njengaye - ukuze ngingalimali. Ngizoba phakathi kwalabo ababusayo. " Amantombazane amaningi anokuphazamiseka kobulili axakeke ngamandla, ulaka, namaphupho lapho adlala khona indima yokuvikela. Lapho sebekhulile, abesifazane abanjalo bangazijwayeza i-sadomasochism, ukubusa, noma isihloko "sesikhumba". Le mikhuba idedela ukungqubuzana okungathandeki kokukhanga ezindabeni zobulili. Intombazane engakwazi ukuzibandakanya nonina icindezela intukuthelo ngokumelene naye, ngoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyamfuna, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulinyazwa nguye.

Abanye abantu abathandana nabathandanayo abahlupheka kangako ngenxa yokwehluleka kwinqubo yokuhlonza, kodwa ngenxa yesidingo esinganakekile sokunakekelwa kwabesifazane. Abesifazane abanjalo banesidingo esingashiwongo sokubuyisela ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka nonina, okuyisimo abasithola komunye umuntu wesifazane. Ukuheha ubudlelwano bezocansi kulele ekutheni owesifazane “ugcwele” futhi exhumene nengxenye yakhe aphoqwa ukuba ayeke - ubufazi bakhe. Uba uhlobo lokuboleka komunye umuntu wesifazane, kodwa indlela enjena yokuxazulula inkinga ayilethi umphefumulo. Umfelandawonye nomunye umuntu wesifazane unikeza kuphela ukukhohlisa kobuqotho, okumele kusekelwa njalo izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzikhohlisa nokuphambanisa okungokoqobo.

I-Lesbianism ngu-A. Sigler-Smaltz

U-Andria Sigler-Smaltz, owayekade eyisoka, osashada manje, ichaza i uhlobo lobudlelwano bezocansi.

U-Lesbian ukhetha abantu bobulili bakhe siqu ukwanelisa izifiso zakhe ezingazi futhi wesaba ukuxhumana okuseduze nabobulili obuhlukile. E-lesbianism, owesifazane "unamathele" ekukhuleni ngakho-ke akakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthola ubungqingili obunempilo. Lapho kwenzeka kanye nokuthi ukwephulwa kwentuthuko enempilo kwenzeka kanjani, kunquma ubungako bezinkinga zayo ngobunikazi bobulili.

Amandla okushayela ebudlelwaneni bezobulili obufanayo ukuntuleka kokuxhumana okungokomzwelo nokukhathalela ubulili babo, okuthi, njengomthetho, abunanjengesondo njengobungqingili besilisa. Iklayenti elilodwa, libona ukuthi ubudlelwano bakhe besifazane liphinda lidinganise uthando lwalo mama, lingichazile:

“Lapho ngihlangana nowesifazane engikhanga kuye, kunokuthile ngaphakathi kimi okuthi: "Uzoba ngumama wami?" Lona umuzwa onamandla ongenakuvinjwa futhi engingakwazi ukwenza lutho. Kungazelelwe ngizizwa ngincane. "Ngifuna ukuthi angiqaphele. Ngifuna ukuthi ngikhethekile kuye, futhi lesi sifiso sithinta ingqondo yami."

Abanye abantu abathandana nabesilisa abathandanayo bathola imizwa engemihle nezingxabano zangaphakathi nabesilisa, okufaka isandla ekungakwazi kwabo ukwamukela ubungqingili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babo bahlangana ngokuqinile nobufazi obunamandla, lapho abesifazane babonakala benesiphiwo futhi befiseleka, kuyilapho amadoda ebonwa njengophansi, ongumlutha wobulili futhi engenamsebenzi ngandlela thile. Akuyona neze into eyejwayelekile ukuthi abantu besifazane abake baphila impilo yobungqingili besikhathi eside baqala ukuthola ukwenyanya okukhulayo kobudlelwano babo nabobulili obuhlukile.

Umehluko omkhulu obalulekile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ukuthi ubulili nokuhehwa ngokobulili akuzona izakhi ezibalulekile zobudlelwano bezocansi. Kwabesifazane abathandana nobungqingili, “ukuheha ngokomzwelo” kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunokuheja ubulili. Amacala lapho ubulili buyingxenye ebucayi buhlobene nokuthi kufanekisela ukusondelana ngokomzwelo.

Ama-Lesbians ajwayele ukuzwa umuzwa wokuthi "angikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwakho" maqondana nomunye. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunethuba lokunamathela okuqinile kulobu budlelwano, kepha ukubhekisisa kahle kuveza indlela yokuziphatha ekhombisa isibopho esintekenteke esigcwele ukwesaba nokukhathazeka. Izingxabano ezibalulekile zivela ezingqikithini eziphindaphindayo ezihlobene nokwakheka kobunikazi. Isibonelo, sibona ukwesaba ukulahlwa kanye / noma ukudinwa, umzabalazo wokulawula namandla (noma isiphithiphithi), kanye nesifiso sokuhlangana nomunye umuntu ukuthola umuzwa wokuphepha nokubaluleka.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesifazane budinga kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni umphakathi kunokubandakanya, futhi akuyona into engjwayelekile ukuthi umbhangqwana onobulili obuncane unganciphisi ukuxhumana namalungu omndeni noma nabangane bakudala. Ukusuka kude okunjalo kunikeza ukulawula umlingani, kuvimbela ukuzimela kwawo, futhi kusebenza njengesivikelo kwizinsongo ezisolwa kulumbano wabo obuthaka.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubudlelwano bezobulili obufanayo buhlala bude kakhulu kunabesilisa, buvame ukugcwala ngokomzwelo futhi babambelele “kunamathisele” wesikhwele *, ukuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile kanye nokukhohlisa okuhlukahlukene. Ngalezi zindlela, ukukhuphuka ngokomzwelo kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi izingxabano zande kakhulu. Ukweqisa kokuchitha isikhathi sindawonye, ​​izingcingo ezivame ukwenziwa, ukunikezwa okungafani kwamakhadi noma izipho, ukuhamba ngokungxama ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa nokuhlanganisa imali - lezi ngezinye zezindlela zokuvikela ukuzimela. Ebuhlotsheni obunjalo, sibona okuqanjiwe kokunamathiselwe okunempilo - ukuncika ngokomzwelo nokuncipha ngokweqile.

* Isimilo somhawu we-pathological of lesbians saphawulwa ku-classic Kraft-Ebbing umsebenzi we-1886 wonyaka "I-psychopathy yezocansi": “Lobo bungani obungavunyelwe buyakhula ikakhulukazi emajele abesifazane futhi uhambisana nomhawu wasendle kanye nokushisekela inkanuko. Ngokushesha nje lapho isiboshwa sibona ukuthi esinye isiboshwa simoyizela isithandwa sakhe, kuvela isigameko esinomhawu owedlulele kule mpi. " Yilokho kuyaqinisekisa nomphathi wejele lesimanje labesifazane: "Ngemibhangqwana enjalo udinga iso neso, ngoba amahlazo aphakathi kwabo abesabekayo: awubukanga, awuzange wamamatheke, futhi konke - kwakukhona ukulwa nokulwa. Bahlukane ngendlela yokuthi wonke umuntu uyazi - ngenhlamba enkulu futhi wabelana ngempahla yabo elula. ”  Futhi ngokusho komunye isihloko mayelana nejele labesifazane: "Ukudlalwa okubanda kunazo zonke, okunegazi, kwesinye isikhathi okubulalayo, kwenzeka ngokunembile emikhakheni yabesifazane bendawo yangemva kweSoviet futhi ngenxa yesikhwele se-coble (lesbians asebenzayo)." 

I-Lesbianism ngu-E. Bergler

Uhlobo lobungqingili besifazane luyafana nowesilisa: ukungaboni ngaso linye okuxazululiwe ngunina wobuntwana. Esigabeni somlomo sokukhula (iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwe-1,5), isithandwa se-novice sidlula ochungechungeni lwezikhathi ezinzima nezokwehla nonina, okuthintela ukuqedwa ngempumelelo kwalesi sigaba. Isimo esiyingqayizivele sokungqubuzana kwabesilisa nabalingani besifazane ukuthi simelela ukwakheka okungalingani kwezinto ezintathu: ukuqoqwa kokungabi nabulungisa ”, okumbozwe inzondo ye-pseudo, embozwe uthando lwehaba lwe-pseudo lommeleli wesithombe sikanina (ama-neurologists akwaziwa imizwa ye-ersatz kuphela nemizwa ulaka lwe-pseudo).

ILesbian iyi-neurotic ene-patad yokufihlwa engazi lutho, okuholela ebubini obubi i-quiroquo, ihlaya kumuntu obukele ongenalwazi. Okokuqala, ubungqingili, ngokudabukisayo, akuyona inkanuko, kepha nolaka Ingxabano: Isisekelo isochism kwengqondo i-neurotic ebhalwe ngomlomo ingxabano engalungiswa engalungiseki ebuya njenge-boomerang ngenxa yecala futhi okwesibili kuphela kukhululiwe. Okwesibili, ngaphansi kobuhlobo bokuthi “indoda nenkosikazi” ubudlelwane buhlawuliswe ngokomqondo phakathi ingane nonina. Okwesithathu, ukukhohlwa kobulili obufanayo kunikeza umbono weqiniso lokuzalwa; umuntu obukelayo uyimpumputhe injabulo yakhe, ngenkathi ngaphansi kune-neurosis yokwelapha.

Izwe elingaphandle, ngokungazi kwalo, libheka abesifazane besifazane abanesibindi. Kodwa-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu wesifazane onesibindi nobungqingili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu wesibindi ongaphandle onesibindi olingisa amadoda ezigqokeni, ekuziphatheni nasebudlelwaneni ukhombisa ukufihla okufihla ukungqubuzana kwakhe kwangempela. Umuntu obonayo odidekile akakwazi ukuchaza isithandwa esithi "passiv" les les les les les les les les les les les les les les Les les Les les Les les dieen les les les / les les les dieen les les les de les les les de les les les son de les les les de les les les de les de les les les de les de les les les de les de los de les les les de los de les les les de los de los les les les de font de stripis de la cranilingus and webrecking, futhi ukushaya indlwabu nge-dildos kugxiliwe eduze kwe-clitoris, ekhonjwe ngokungazi ne-ingono.

Iminyaka yami ye-30 yokuhlangenwe nakho komtholampilo iveze ukuthi i-lesbianism inamazinga amahlanu: 
I-1) uthando olubonakalayo lukamama; 
I-2) i-veto kanembeza ongaphakathi enqabela "injabulo ekujabuleni"; 
I-3) ukuzivikela kokuqala inzondo ye-pseudo-inzondo; 
I-4) i-veto ephindaphindiweyo kanembeza ongaphakathi enqabela inzondo yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lubhekise kumama;
I-5) Ukuzivikela kwesibili uthando lwe-pseudo.

Ngakho-ke, ubuhlanga abulona "uthando lomuntu wesifazane ngowesifazane", kepha uthando-mbumbulu lowesifazane ozibonayo odale i-alibi yangaphakathi angayiqondi. 
Lesi sakhiwo esivikelayo ku-lesbianism sichaza: 
a. Kungani abantu abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane babonakala ngokungezwani okukhulu nomhawu we-pathological. Ngamaqiniso angaphakathi, lolu hlobo lomhawu luyinto edlula umthombo wokubutha okungenabulungisa. 
b. Kungani inzondo enobudlova, kwesinye isikhathi evezwa ekuhlaselweni ngokomzimba, ifihlwe ngobuqili ebuhlotsheni bobungqingili. Isendlalelo se-pseudo-love (ungqimba wesihlanu) isembozo esivikela kuphela ulaka lwe-pseudo. 
c. Kungani abesilisa abathandana nabesifazane abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesifazane bezitika ngocansi beguqukela ekuhlolweni kwe-oedipal (i-farce yomyeni nenkosikazi) - kufihla ubudlelwane bokuzibonela kukamama nengane, obukhule ezingxabanweni zangaphambi kokukhulelwa, osindwa kakhulu yicala.
ngonyaka Kungani kungenamsebenzi ukulindela ukwaneliseka kobuntu phakathi kohlaka lwe-lesbianism. Umuntu ongathandani nobungqingili ufuna ngokungathokozi ubumnandi bokubona, ngakho-ke akanakukwazi ukujabula.

Ukufakwa kwe-lescissistic lesbian futhi kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukungqubuzana okungahambi kahle komama kungapheli. Ngaphansi kwentuthuko ejwayelekile, ukungezwani nomama kuxazululwa intombazane ngokwehlukana: "inzondo" yakudala ihlala kumama, isakhi sothando "sidluliselwa kuyise, futhi esikhundleni se-deness" baby-mama "(isigaba sokuqala) kuvela isimo esingunxantathu se-oedipal "ingane-mama-ubaba". Abathandana nobungqingili besikhathi esizayo bazama ukwenza okufanayo, kodwa baphinde babuyiselwa empini yokuqala. “Isixazululo” se-oedipal (ngokwaso isigaba sesikhashana ingane esishiya phakathi nokukhula kwaso okujwayelekile) ukuthi abesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo basebenzise indoda-unkosikazi (ubaba-umama) ukuzifihla njengesembozo esivikelayo.

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokuhlonza okungazi lutho: “ukuhola” (ukuhola) kanye “nokuhola” (ukudukisa). Esokuqala simele izifiso zomuntu ezicindezelwe, ezibangelwe imiphumela yokuphela kwengxabano engenangqondo, kanti okwesibili kubhekisele ekubonakalweni kwabantu abakhethwe ukwenqaba nokwenqaba ukukhalaza kukanembeza wangaphakathi ngokumelene nalezi zifiso ze-neurotic. Ukukhonjwa "okuholayo" kohlobo olusebenzayo lwesitabane kubhekiselwa kulo preedipal omama futhi "kuholele" kubaba we-oedipal. Ngohlobo oluzayo, ukuhlonza "ukuhola" kubhekisele enganeni, futhi "ukuhola" kuyo i-oedipal omama.

Konke lokhu okungenhla, kusobala, kunobulungiswa bobufakazi bemitholampilo, obuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ezincwadini zikaE. Bergler.

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Izibalo

Ngu idatha yakamuva I-American Medical Association (AMA) lesbians kaningi kunabesifazane abathandana nobulili obuhlukile ibika ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, impilo engeyinhle, izinkinga eziningi ezingalapheki, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala nokubhema kakhulu. Eminye imithombo engeza kulolu hlu ingozi eyandayo umdlavuza webele, ukudangala, ukukhathazeka, isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza we-gynecological, ukukhuluphala, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa okufakwa ngaphakathi, kanye nazo zonke izingozi zokuya ocansini okungavikelekile nabesilisa abaningi.

I-HIV nama-STD

Izifundo eziningana ^{[1, 2, 3]}, isungule ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kokuziphatha kobungqingili kuyo yomibili imishado nokungabikho kukababa ebuntwaneni, futhi ikakhulu emantombazaneni kunabafana ^{[1, 2]}. Enye incazelo engenzeka iphakamisa ukuthi ukuba khona (noma ukungabikho) kukababa ekhaya kuthathwa njengesibonakaliso sokuqina nokuqina kobuhlobo nabesilisa. Ngokusho kwenye incazelo, amantombazane asinda ekuhlukanisweni kwabazali bawo besebancane aqala ukuya ocansini ngaphambili futhi abe nabalingani besikhashana besikhathi esifishane kwezocansi.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inkululeko yokuziphatha kwezocansi ihambelana kahle nobungqingili. Abesifazane abangazithibe ocansini banesibalo esikhulayo sabalingani bocansi, iningi labo elingaba ngabesifazane ngokwezibalo. Ngokusho kwakamuva ucwaningoAbesifazane abaningi abathandana nabobulili obufana nobabo banabalingani abaningi kakhulu bobulili obuhlukile.

Ngokusho inikezwe Isikhungo sase-U.S Centers for Disease Control Center (CDC) ngaphambi kwe-97% yabantu abathandana nabesifazane abathandana nabesilisa nabesilisa (i-28% ngonyaka owedlule), nge-86% abaqhuba ubuhlakani besitho sangasese sowesifazane sangasese kanye ne-48%. Kwakungu kusunguliweukuthi abesifazane abalala nabanye abantu besifazane (i-WSW) kungenzeka kakhulu kunabesifazane abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile ukuba babe nokulalana noma ngomlomo nabalingani bobulili obuhlukile, futhi amathuba okuthi babe nabalingani abaningi bezothando be-50 ephakeme ngo-350%. Lapho abalingani abaningi bethola ingozi yokutheleleka. Sekukonke, i-WSW othambekele ngokwengeziwe ukuya ocansini nabesilisa abathandana nobungqingili (ngokwengxenye yokuthi bazizwa beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe nabantu “abanomqondo ofanayo”), okubuye kube ngaphezulu kwandisa ubungozi babo ukutheleleka nge-HIV, i-hepatitis C kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-STDs ze-MSM (abesilisa abalala nabesilisa).

Kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abathandanayo abangama-32%, i-44% WSW kubikiwe Mayelana nokuxilongwa kwangaphambilini kwe-STD eyodwa noma amaningi. Ama-STD ajwayelekile adluliselwa phakathi kwabesifazane faka i-bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, herpes zangasese kanye ne-papillomavirus yomuntu, okuyi pathogen umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, umphakathi wabantu abathandanayo waba ngocansi ngokwengeziwe. Omagazini abavusa inkanuko, izitolo zamathoyizi ocansi, nezinkampani zamafilimu ocansi ezihloselwe futhi eziqhutshwa ngongqingili zanda. Amakilabhu abesilisa abathandana nabesifazane abathandana nabanye abathandanayo bakhangisa ubusuku obuthi “I Love Pussy” futhi abukise ngokuziqhenya “ngomsebenzi” ezindlini zangasese. Izinhlangano zabesifazane abathandanayo be-BDSM zikhona emadolobheni amakhulu amaningi e-United States, futhi i-polyamory nayo isivame kakhulu. Abanye ongqingili basanda kuqala ukulingisa imikhuba yocansi ye-MSM, okuhlanganisa nokushaya izibhakela, ukugoqa (rimming).35%), i-urolagnia kanye nomjovo wezinto25%) Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlobene nengozi enkulu yempilo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nemilutha

Imithombo eminingi ^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]} Qaphela ukuthi i-CSF ibike izikhathi ze-2-3 kaningi mayelana nokudangala, ukukhathazeka nemicabango yokuzibulala. Isimo salabo besifazane abakhonjwe ngokuthi “bisexual” sibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwe-WSW kunokuthambekela kokuhlehlisa ukugwema ukufuna usizo lodokotela. Omunye umkhuba ongemuhle ukuthi abanye besifazane, abahlonzwe ekuqaleni njengabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa, bagcina sebeshintsha ubuwena babo baba "yi-transgender", ebabeka engcupheni yomonakalo ongenakuphikiswa ekuthatheni ama-hormone owesilisa, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nokuhlupheka okwengeziwe kwengqondo.

Ngokusho inikezwe I-American Psychiatric Association, i-WSW izikhathi ze-3 kungenzeka ukuthi ihlushwa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa futhi inethuba lokusebenzisa kabi utshwala nezidakamizwa ezinzima. Njengaphambilini, lezi zibalo ezidabukisayo zilawulwa ngabesifazane “abesilisa nababili”. UMnyango Wezempilo wase-US (HHS) Wezempilo Zabesifazane  kuyaqinisekisa:

"Ukudakwa nokuluthwa yizidakamizwa kubonakala kuvame kakhulu kubantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo (ikakhulukazi abesifazane abasebasha) kunabesifazane abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile ... Abesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthi abanye bajoyine izidakamizwa futhi basengozini enkulu yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ucwaningo esifundeni saseCalifornia sikhombisile ukuthi ingozi yokuncika kotshwala ku-CSW inyuswa ngezikhathi ze-4, izidakamizwa - ngezikhathi ze-3,5, nanoma yikuphi okunye ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezi-psychoactive - ngezikhathi ze-3,4.

Ubudlova

Isifundo esikhulu kukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane abathandana nabesilisa nabesifazane abakhethekile ebuntwaneni babe nengxenye “Ukunqoba nodlame oluqhubekayo”. Kwabesilisa abaningi abathandana nabesilisa, udlame alupheli ebuntwaneni futhi manje luyaqhubeka ngakwisithandwa. Imibhangqwana yase-Lesbian kaningikunamadoda angongqingili ayizisulu nabaqalisi kodlame.

Ucwaningo lwe-APA lithole ukuthi ama-47,5% wabantu abathandanayo abake bahlukunyezwa ngokoqobo kusuka kumlingani. Idatha efanayo kwethulwa I-CDC - i-40,4% yabahlukumezi bahlukunyezwa ngokoqobo ngumlingani; e-29,4%, udlame lwalulukhulu: ukushaya, ukuhlukumeza noma ukushaya into kanzima.

Ijenali Yokucwaninga Komndeni kubikiweukuthi i-70,2% yabantu abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabesifazane bahlangabezana nokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo ngonyaka owedlule. Olunye ucwaningo kwembulwaukuthi i-69% yabesifazane ababandakanyeka ebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo babika ukuxabana ngamazwi, kanye ne-77,5% yokulawula ukuziphatha ngakwakhe. Ngu inikezwe isibuyekezo esanda kwenziwa se-CDC, ngokwesilinganiso i-63,5% yabantu abathandana nabesifazane abathandana nabesifazane abathola ulaka ngokwengqondo kusuka kumlingani, imvamisa ibonakaliswa ngokwahlukaniswa nomndeni nabangane, ukuthotshiswa, ukuthukwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa ukuthi akekho omunye umuntu obadingayo.

Amanga kanye nozakwabo gubhaukuthi ulaka ebudlelwaneni bezocansi uvame kakhulu ukuba semvelweni. Esibonelweni sabo, i-23,1% yabantu abathandana nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa ababikwa ukuthi bathandana nabesifazane abasebenza nabo ngokocansi, futhi i-9,4% isuka kwabalingani babo bangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-55.1% ibike ukuxabana ngamazwi nangokomzwelo. Kokunye ucwaningo kutholakale ukuthi kuqhathaniswa ne-17,8% yabesifazane abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, i-30,6% yabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo nentando yabo, futhi ngokusho kwabo Waldner-Haugrud (1997⁽¹⁾) I-50% yabantu abathandana nabesifazane abathandanayo bathola ukungena kobudlova ngabalingani babo.

В isihloko I-1994 yonyaka ephephabhukwini elithi “I-Journal of Interpersonal udlame” yabhekana nezinkinga zokungqubuzana nodlame ebudlelwaneni besifazane nobungqingili. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi i-31% yabaphenduliyo ibike yahlangabezana nesiqephu esisodwa sokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba ngumlingani. Ngokusho I-Nichols (2000), I-54% yabesifazane abathandana nobungqingili kubikwa ukuthi bathola ama-10 noma ezinye iziqephu zodlame ezenziwa ngabalingani, i-74% iveze iziqephu ze-6 - 10.

Ngokuya ngocwaningo olwenziwe nguhulumeni waseCanada:

"... udlame lomlingani lwenzeka kabili kuningi phakathi kwemibhangqwana engqingili uma kuqhathaniswa neyabobulili obuhlukile: 15% no-7%, ngokulandelana" (Ukulinganisa udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane: Amathrendi weStat XXUMX, i-p.39).

Ucwaningo lweNational nodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane olubhekiswe kwabesifazane luveze ukuthi "ukuhlangana kwabantu bobulili obufanayo kunesilinganiso sobudlova esiphakeme kunasekuhlanganyeleni ubungqingili. I-39% yabaphendulayo yabika ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngumlingani uma kuqhathaniswa ne-21,7% yabaphenduli abavela kuma-cohabitations e-heterosexual (I-CDC 2000) Ngokuphawulekile amanani aphezulu Ubudlova phakathi kweWW ngokuqinisekile bunomthelela ekucindezelekeni kwabo ngokomqondo.

Umdlavuza kanye nokukhuluphala

Abesifazane abangakaze babelethe basengozini ephezulu yomdlavuza. Igunya Labesifazane Kwezempilo (HHS) uphawulaukuthi ama-hormone akhishwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa avikela abesifazane emdlavuzeni webele, umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-ovari. I-WSW ivezwa kulezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza ngezinga elikhulu, ngoba mancane amathuba okuthi zikhulelwe, futhi uma kwenzeka, khona-ke amathuba ukukhipha isisu phezulu. Ucwaningo ukhombisile ukuxhumana ukukhipha isisu ngomdlavuza webele futhi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-Polycystic ovary syndrome, okuyingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho, kaningi kakhulu kutholakala phakathi kwe-WSW.

Izifundo eziningi ^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]} kukhombisile lokho kwabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abathandanayo izici kakhulu amanani aphakeme ukukhuluphala (3 / 4 vs 1 / 2), okuyi kuyanda banobungozi isifo senhliziyo, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Inani elikhulayo lobufakazi besayensi kubonisa ukuhlangana kwesifo senhliziyo kanye nengozi eyandayo yezinhlobo ezithile zokuwohloka komqondo, kufaka phakathi isifo se-Alzheimer's kanye nokuwohloka kwemizwa.  Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesimo somshado, abesifazane ebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo bayiqembu ne izinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva iyaqhubeka ikhula.

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Kungenzeka ushintsho

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kubantu abahlangabezana nokuhehwa okungathandeki kobungqingili, empeleni likhona ithemba. Amacala amaningi okuphumelela okulungiswa kokulapha hhayi kokuziphatha kobungqingili, kodwa futhi nokuheha kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ezincwadini zobungcweti. U-Edmund Bergler, owelapha cishe iziguli zobungqingili be-30 eminyakeni engu-100 yokusebenza komtholampilo, uphawulaukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, ubufazi obufanayo, njengobungqingili besilisa, bunesifo esihle kakhulu sokwelashwa kwengqondo. Bika I-National Association for the Study and Therapy ofungqingili iveza ukubukezwa kahle kwemininingwane ye-empirical, imibiko yomtholampilo kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kube manje, okufakazela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane abanentshisekelo bangenza inguquko besuka kobungqingili iye kwabobungqingili.

Esizeni Izwi (s) leThemba eqoqwe mayelana nobufakazi bevidiyo be-80 abesifazane nabesilisa abephule ubungqingili futhi bahola impilo ephelele yobungqingili. Futhi noma ngabe ukukholwa bekuyisisusa soshintsho ezimeni eziningi, inkolo akuyona isimo esikhulu soshintsho, yize kungangabazeki ukuthi ilusizo oluyigugu, ngoba inika umuntu umhlahlandlela ocacile futhi aqinise intando yakhe ekumelaneni nohlangothi olumnyama lobuntu bakhe.

Ngokusekelwe umbono wezepolitiki, Izikhungo zezokwelapha zaseNtshonalanga ziphikisana nokuphathwa kokuheha okungafuneki kwabobulili obuhlukile ngaphansi kokuzikhohlisa ukuthi "kungalimaza", kepha eqinisweni, khohlisa umphakathingaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi: 
(1) Yonke imisebenzi yezengqondo yazo zonke izinkinga zomuntu nezabantu ingaba yingozi; 
(2) Isayensi ephendukayo ayikakakhombisi ukuthi ubungozi bokulimala ekwelashweni kwe-drive yobulili engathandeki bukhulu kakhulu, kuyafana, noma kungaphansi kwengozi yanoma iyiphi enye i-psychotherapy.
Futhi ngenkathi i-APA iyilahla esidlangalaleni imizamo yokulapha ukuguqula kabusha, ngaphakathi kwayo Izincwadi ezikhethekilekuhloselwe ochwepheshe ababikiwe okulandelayo:

"Ubufakazi bamuva nje bokuthi umuntu angathandana nobungqingili bungashintshwa ngokwelashwa kumakhasimende agqugquzelekile, nokuthi imizamo yokuzama ukwakhiwa kabusha ayizilimazi ngokomoya." 

Akukho okutholwe kulokhu: kuze kufike emuva njenge-1973 kudokhumenti ehlongoza ukukhipha i-egosyntonic (i.e., eyamukelekayo yeziguli) ubungqingili ohlwini lwabaphazamisekile engqondweni, i-APA kuphawuliwe, lokho "Izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje zivumela ingxenye enkulu yabongqingili abafuna ukuguqula isimo sabo ukwenza kanjalo".

Ucwaningo I-2018 yonyaka ikhombise ukuthi iningi lalabo abafake isicelo seqembu noma losizo losizo bathola izinguquko ezinkulu zobungqingili ku-drive drive, ubulili, nokuziphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babone ukwehla okumakiwe embonweni wokuzibulala, ukudangala, nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, kanye nokukhulisa ukusebenza komphakathi nokuzithemba. Cishe yonke imiphumela elimazayo ibingasho lutho, futhi imiphumela emihle nemibi yayiqhathaniswa naleyo ene-psychotherapy ejwayelekile yezinkinga zengqondo.

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi inkinga yokuhehwa kwabungqingili ayihlukile kunenye inkinga yokwelapha: "ushintsho" alisho ukuthi inkinga inyamalala kanye. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ephumelela ukuqeda ukudangala, lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke aphinde abe nakho. Futhi, abantu abaqeda umlutha wezidakamizwa noma wotshwala bayobhekana nezilingo ezindala, kepha ngezinga elincane kakhulu, futhi ukukhubeka nokubuyela emuva isinyathelo esisodwa esingalungile.

Ushintsho olusuka kobungqingili luya kwabobulili obuhlukile akufanele lubonwe njengombuzo "owodwa noma omunye." Kukhona ukuqhubeka okuthile - okungukuthi, ukwehla okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kuthambiso lobungqingili kanye nokwanda kwezimpawu zobungqingili, izinga lokubonakaliswa kwalo elihluka kakhulu. Abaningi balabo abahlukane nokulutha kobungqingili ngosizo lwe-psychotherapy, bazisola nje ukuthi bebengakwenzi lokhu ngaphambili, ngoba babeqiniseka ukuthi abakwazi noma akufanele bazame ukushintsha.

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Ngaphezu kwalokho:

Kusuka eTomboys kuya eLesbians (J. Nicolosi) .pdf

Kule ngxoxo, abesifazane ababili ebudlelwaneni bezobungqingili bakhuluma ngezizathu ezibaholele kule ndlela. Ukulandisa kwabo kugcizelela ngokuphelele isipiliyoni esicebile somtholampilo esichazwe ezincwadini zobungcweti, okukhombisa ukuthi ubulili buvame kususelwa ekuhlukumezeni kanzima okutholakele okuvela emadodeni. Lokhu kudabukisa kungabonakala ku-paterophobia (ukwesaba ubaba) kanye / noma ne-androphobia (ukwesaba abantu bebonke). Obaba besifazane abathi kamuva bangene ebudlelwaneni bobungqingili, bavame ukubukela kabi, basebenzise kabi utshwala noma baphendukele ebudloveni.
I-American Psychological Association iphawula ukuthi ukungabi khona komzali oyedwa noma bobabili, ikakhulukazi umzali wobulili obufanayo nengane, kungahle kuhlobene ngokuhehayo nobungqingili. Kumantombazane, ukufa kukamama ebuntwaneni kudlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Amantombazane anjalo anesidingo esingagcwaliseki sokugcinwa kanye nesifiso sokubuyisa isibopho esintekenteke nonina, onothile abawufuna komunye umuntu ngokungazi.

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Kwakheka kanjani ukukhanga ubungqingili?