Ingabe i- "Homophobia" i-phobia?

Amazwana we-6

V. Lysov
I-imeyili: science4truth@yandex.ru
Iningi lezinto ezilandelayo lishicilelwa kwiphephabhuku elibukezelwe ontanga kwezemfundo. Izifundo zanamuhla zezinkinga zenhlalo, i-2018; IVolumu 9, No.8: 66 - 87: V. Lysov: "Ukuqamba kanye nokuzenzisa kokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi" Homophobia "enkulumweni yesayensi neyomphakathi".
DOI: 10.12731/2218-7405-2018-8-66-87.

Ukutholwa Okusemqoka

(1) Isimo esibucayi maqondana nobungqingili asihlangabezani nenqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-phobia njengomqondo we-psychopathological. Awukho umqondo osabekayo wokuthi “Homophobia”, kuyigama lokuphikisana kwezepolitiki.
(2) Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi “ukuhanjiswa kwabantu besifazane” emsebenzini wesayensi ukuveza wonke umkhawulo wesimo esibucayi emisebenzini yobulili obufanayo akulungile. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "ukubulala abantu abathandana nabo nabesifazane" kufaka umugqa phakathi kwesimo sengqondo sokuqonda ubungqingili ngokusekelwe kuzinkolelo zokuziphatha kanye nezindlela zokubonakalisa ulaka, kuguqula umbono wenhlangano obhekene nolaka.
(3) Abaphenyi baphawula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "ukubulala abantu besifazane" kuyindlela yokucindezela eqondiswe kulawo malungu omphakathi ongayemukeli ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela yokuphila yobungqingili emphakathini, kodwa ongazizwa enenzondo noma esaba okungenangqondo abantu abangongqingili.
(4) Ngaphezu kwezinkolelo zamasiko nezempucuko, isisekelo sesimo sengqondo esibucayi emisebenzini yobulili obufanayo, ngokusobala, izivikeli mzimba zokuziphatha - ukusabela kwemvelo amanyalaithuthukiswe ohlelweni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo yomuntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanzeka nokuzala.

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Ukwelashwa kobungqingili ngaphambi kwenkathi yokulungiswa kwezombusazwe

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Amacala amaningi okuphumelela kokulungiswa okwelashwa kokuziphatha kobungqingili nokuheha kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe ezincwadini zobungcweti. Bika I-National Association for the Study and Therapy ofungqingili iveza ukubukelwa kobufakazi obuqandayo, imibiko yomtholampilo kanye nocwaningo kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kube manje, okufakazela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane abanentshisekelo bangalwenza lolu shintsho kusuka ebungqingili kuya kobungqingili. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yokunemba kwezombusazwe, kwakuyiqiniso elaziwayo lesayensi, okuyinto ngokukhululeka Ubhale umshini omkhulu wezindaba. Ngisho ne-American Psychiatric Association, ngaphandle kobungqingili be-syntonic kuhlu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo e-1974, kuphawuliwe, lokho "Izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje zivumela ingxenye enkulu yabongqingili abafuna ukuguqula isimo sabo ukwenza kanjalo".

Okulandelayo ukuhumusha izindatshana kusuka eNew York Times ye1971.

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Ukwelashwa kobungqingili

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Udokotela ovelele wezifo zengqondo, i-psychoanalyst kanye ne-MD, u-Edmund Bergler wabhala izincwadi ze-25 ezikhuluma nge-psychology kanye ne-273 kumajenali aphambili ochwepheshe. Izincwadi zakhe zidingida izihloko ezinjengokukhula kwengane, i-neurosis, izingqinamba zokuphila kwasebusuku, ubunzima bomshado, ukugembula, ukuzilimaza kanye nobungqingili. UBerggler wayeqashelwa kufanele njengesazi sesikhathi sakhe maqondana nobungqingili. Okulandelayo izingcaphuno ezivela emsebenzini wakhe.

Izincwadi zakamuva nemikhiqizo yakamuva izamile ukuveza ubungqingili njengezisulu ezingeneme ezifanelwe ukuzwelwa. Ukudluliswa kwezinduna ze-lacrimal akunangqondo: ongqingili bangahlala baphendukela osizweni lwezengqondo futhi belaphe uma bafuna. Kepha ukungazi komphakathi kusabalale kakhulu ngalolu daba, futhi ukukhohliswa kwabantu abathandana nabobungqingili ngombono womphakathi ngabo kusebenza kakhulu kangangokuba nabantu abahlakaniphe impela abazalwanga izolo bazitholela izithiyo zabo.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakamuva kwengqondo nokucwaninga kufakazele ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi isiphetho okuthiwa singeke siguqulwe sokobungqingili (kwesinye isikhathi size sibangelwe yizimo ezingezona nezegciwane kanye nama-hormonal) empeleni siyisigaba esishintshiwe sokwelashwa kwe-neurosis. I-pessimism yokwelapha yesikhathi esedlule inyamalala kancane kancane: namuhla i-psychotherapyic isiqondisi se-psychodynamic ingalapha ubungqingili.

Ngokwelapha, ngiqonde:
I-1. ukungabi nandaba ngokuphelele nobulili babo;
I-2. injabulo ejwayelekile yezocansi;
I-3. ushintsho lwesimilo.

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Ukwelashwa Ngokuvuselela - Ukushintsha Kungenzeka

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Ividiyo ephelele ngesiNgisi

Kusukela ngesikhathi senguquko yezocansi, isimo sengqondo ngobungqingili sishintshe kakhulu. Namuhla, kwabongqingili eNtshonalanga, impi ibonakala iyanqotshwa: amaklabhu wezitabane, amaqembu ezitabane, umshado wezitabane. Manje "kulungile." Izijeziso zokuphatha kanye nokuqulwa kwamacala okungakaze kubonwe kulindelwe kulabo abaphikisana nabantu be-LGBT, kanye namalebula womuntu othanda ngokweqile ne-Homophobe.

Ukubekezelela nokwamukelwa okwandile kwenkululeko yezocansi kusebenza kubo bonke abantu kodwa ingxenye eyodwa yabantu - labo abafuna ukuhlukana nobungqingili futhi baqale indlela yokuphila ehlukile. Lamadoda nabesifazane banemizwa yobungqingili, kepha abafuni ukwamukela ubunikazi bobungqingili. Bakholelwa ukuthi ubungqingili abumeleli imvelo yabo yangempela futhi bafuna ukukhululwa.

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"Ubungqingili" abusona ubungqingili bamuva

Amazwana we-5

E-Russia, njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi, ingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi inesimo sokuphikiswa esiqhubekayo mayelana nokukhonjiswa kokuziphatha kobungqingili, okuqokwe ngababhali abathile ngokuthi “i-homonegativism” noma “ukubulawa kwabantu besifazane”. Okukhona izincazelo ezahlukahlukene isimo sengqondo sokuzenzela. Okubizwa ngokuthi. "I-Psychoanalytic hypothesis", equkethe umcabango wokuthi isimo esibucayi sabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile ekubonisweni kokuziphatha kobungqingili kungenxa yokuheha ubungqingili. Ngamanye amagama, umongo obizwayo we-hypothesis ungenziwa lula kulokhu okulandelayo: "ubungqingili babungqingili obufihliwe." Lesi sitatimende esetshenziswa kaningi ku-rhetoric yezishoshovu zezitabane ezingxoxweni zomphakathi ngesihloko sokuhehiswa kobulili okungeyona ngokomzimba nendawo yayo emphakathini waseRussia. Zisebenza ngabantu abangabachwepheshe bezindaba ezithile zokuphrinta, amafilimu, imibukiso yethelevishini, kwi-Intanethi. Abathuthukisi be-harvard gay ngqo Sebenzisa le ngxabano ukudumaza abaphikisi.

Umsebenzi wesayensieshicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-World of Science, elihlaziya ucwaningo lwe-meta-ukuhlaziywa kwe-12 izincwadi ezihlola i- "psychoanalytic hypothesis", kufakazela ukuthi ukuphikisana kwabezindaba "ubungqingili bufihlwe ubungqingili" akunasisekelo sesayensi.

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Yini iWikipedia?

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I-Wikipedia ingenye yezingosi ze-Intanethi ezivakashelwa kakhulu, eziziveza njenge- "encyclopedia" futhi yamukelwa ngabaningi abangaqeqeshiwe kanye nezingane zesikole njengomthombo weqiniso ongabazeki. Isayithi laqalwa ngo-2001 ngusomabhizinisi wase-Alabama ogama lakhe linguJimmy Wales. Ngaphambi kokusungula i-Wikipedia, uJimmy Wales wenza iphrojekthi ye-Intanethi iBomis, eyayisabalalisa izithombe zocansi ezikhokhelwayo, iqiniso alwela ngenkuthalo ukulisusa kumlando wakhe (UHansen xnumx; Ukufunda i-xnumx).

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-Wikipedia ithembekile ngoba noma ngubani angayihlela, kepha empeleni le webhusayithi iveza iphuzu lokubukwa kwabahleli bayo abaphikelelayo futhi abajwayelekile, abanye babo (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezimpikiswano zenhlalo) abayizishoshovu ezifuna ukuthonya umbono womphakathi. . Yize inqubomgomo yayo yokungathathi hlangothi isemthethweni, i-Wikipedia inenkululeko eqinile yenkululeko nokukhetha sobala okusobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iWikipedia ithonywa kakhulu ubudlelwano bomphakathi okhokhelwayo kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha isithunzi abasusa noma imaphi amaqiniso amabi mayelana namakhasimende abo bese bethula okuqukethwe okukhethiwe. Yize ukuhlela okukhokhelwayo kungavunyelwe, iWikipedia yenza okuncane ukulandela imithetho yayo, ikakhulukazi kubanikeli abakhulu.

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Isikhungo Solwazi Lwesayensi