*Inhlangano ye-LGBT ibonwa njengenhlangano eyeqisayo!
Lo mbiko wukubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe kobufakazi besayensi obuphika izinganekwane neziqubulo ezithuthukiswa izishoshovu ze-LGBT ezibeka ukuthi ubungqingili buyisimo esijwayelekile, esijwayelekile, esingenamuntu futhi esingashintshi. Lo msebenzi awuwona “wokulwa nabantu abungqingili” (njengoba abalandeli babo bengaphikisana dichotomy yamanga), kodwa kunalokho ngoba zona, ngoba zigxile ezinkingeni zendlela yokuphila yobungqingili efihlekile kubo nokugcinwa kwamalungelo abo, ikakhulukazi ilungelo lokuthola ulwazi oluthembekile ngesimo sabo kanye nobungozi bezempilo obuhambisana nalo, ilungelo lokuba nokukhetha kanye nelungelo lokuthola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha ukuqeda Kulesi simo, uma benentshisekelo.
Okuqukethwe
I-1) Ingabe abantu bobungqingili bamele i-10% yabantu?
I-2) Ingabe bakhona abantu "bobungqingili" embusweni wezilwane?
I-3) Ingabe ukukhangwa kobungqingili kuzalwa?
I-4) Ukukhangwa ubungqingili kungasuswa?
I-5) Ingabe ubungqingili buhlotshaniswa nobungozi bezempilo?
I-6) Ingabe ubutha bobungqingili buyi-phobia?
I-7) "Ubungqingili" - "ubungqingili bokugcina"?
I-8) Ingabe ukushayela ngemigwaqo yobungqingili kanye ne-pedophilia (idrayivu yocansi yezingane) kuhlobene?
I-9) Ngabe amalungelo ezitabane aphulwe?
I-10) Ingabe ubungqingili buxhumene nobunqunu bocansi?
I-11) Ingabe ubungqingili kwakuyinto evamile eGreece yasendulo?
I-12) Ngabe kukhona ubungozi ezinganeni ezikhuliswe ngabashadikazi bobulili obufanayo?
I-13) Ingabe "ukujwayelekile" kokuheha ubungqingili iqiniso elifakazelwe ngokwesayensi?
I-14) Ingabe ubungqingili bebungafakiwe kuhlu lokuhlanekezelwa kwezocansi ukuvumelana kwesayensi?
I-15) Ingabe "isayensi yanamuhla" ayiyakhethi impikiswano yobungqingili?
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Iningi lalezi zinto lashicilelwa ephephabhukwini i-Russian Journal of Education and Psychology: I-Lysov V. Isayensi nobungqingili: ukukhetha okuphathelene nezepolitiki e-Academia yanamuhla.
I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2019-2-6-49
“Idumela lesayensi yeqiniso lintshontshiwe ngumuntu olisebenzisa kabi
amawele udadewabo - isayensi "yamanga",
I-ajenda yombono nje.
Lo mbono ususe lokho kuthembela
okuyiqiniso ukuthi kungokwesayensi yeqiniso. "
encwadini ka-Austin Rousse ethi Fake Science
Isifingqo
Izitatimende ezinjengokuthi “imbangela yofuzo yobungqingili isifakazelwe” noma “ukukhangwa kobungqingili akunakushintshwa” zenziwa njalo emicimbini yokufundisa yesayensi edumile naku-inthanethi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezihloselwe abantu abangenalwazi ngokwesayensi. Kulesi sihloko, ngizobonisa ukuthi umphakathi wesayensi yesimanje uphethwe abantu abaveza imibono yabo yezenhlalo nezombusazwe emisebenzini yabo yesayensi, okwenza inqubo yesayensi icheme kakhulu. Le mibono ehlongozwayo ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezitatimende zezombusazwe, ezihlanganisa maqondana nalokho okuthiwa. “abancane bobulili obufanayo”, okungukuthi “ubulili obufanayo buwukuhluka okujwayelekile kobulili phakathi kwabantu nezilwane”, ukuthi “ukukhangwa kwabantu bobulili obufanayo kungokwemvelo futhi akukwazi ukushintshwa”, “ubulili buyisakhiwo somphakathi esingakhawulelwe ekuhlukaniseni kanambambili”, njll. njalo njalo. Ngizobonisa ukuthi imibono enjalo ibhekwa njengeyiqiniso, izinzile, futhi isungulwe emibuthanweni yesayensi yaseNtshonalanga yesimanje, ngisho noma bungekho ubufakazi besayensi obunamandla, kuyilapho imibono ehlukile ibhalwe ngokushesha ngokuthi “isayensi-mbumbulu” kanye “namanga,” ngisho noma inobufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda. emva kwabo. Ziningi izici ezingabalulwa njengembangela yokuchema okunjalo - ifa elimangalisayo lenhlalo nomlando eliholele ekuveleni "kokungavumelani kwesayensi", imizabalazo eshubile yezombangazwe eyadala ubuzenzisi, "ukuhweba" kwesayensi okuholela ekuphishekeleni imizwa. , njll. Ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugwema ngokuphelele ukuchema kwesayensi kusalokhu kuyimpikiswano. Kodwa-ke, ngokubona kwami, kungenzeka ukudala izimo zenqubo yesayensi elinganayo.
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Indaba engagwegwesi yowayengungqingili, echaza impilo yansuku zonke “yezitabane” ezijwayelekile - izigebengu ezingapheli, ukuxega kanye nezifo ezihambisana nazo, amakilabhu, izidakamizwa, izinkinga zamathumbu aphansi, ukucindezeleka kanye nokuququda, umuzwa onganeliseki wokunganeliseki nesizungu, kusukela okuwukuziphatha okubi kanye ne-Datura enikeza kuphela ukuphumula kwesikhashana. Lokhu kulandisa kuqukethe imininingwane enyanyekayo yezenzo zobungqingili nemiphumela yazo, okushiya insalela yendle ecasulayo ngokungangabazeki ezoba nzima kumfundi ovamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, badlulisela konke ngokunembile sokuhlakaza ububi bokuphila kobungqingili buqhathaniswa nokuhlanza umbala wethanga. Ibonisa iqiniso elibuhlungu lobungqingili besilisa njengoba linjalo ngempela - umkhonyovuongenangqondo futhi ongenamusa. “Ukuba yisitabane” ekugcineni kusho ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu okucijwe ku-ukumbiwa kwegazi negazi, kunokuba kubambelele ezandleni zabafana abanamehlo amakhulu e-kawaii yoyoynyh inganekwane yabalandeli.
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Ku-1989, izishoshovu ezimbili zesitabane se-Harvard eshicilelwe incwadi echaza uhlelo lokuguqula isimo sengqondo somphakathi jikelele ngobungqingili ngokusebenzisa inkulumo-ze, imigomo eyisisekelo okuxoxwe ngayo lapha. Esahlukweni sokugcina sale ncwadi, ababhali bazichaza ngokweqile i-10 izinkinga ezinkulu ekuziphatheni kwabobungqingili, okumele kubhekwane nazo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithombe sabo emehlweni omphakathi jikelele. Ababhali babhala ukuthi ongqingili bazenqaba zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha; ukuthi baya ocansini ezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi uma bengena ngendlela, baqala ukumemeza ngcindezelo kanye nokuqothuka kwabasekhaya; ukuthi bangama-narcissistic, amanyala, ubugovu, bathambekele emangeni, ku-hedonism, kokungathembeki, unya, ukuzibhubhisa, ukuphika iqiniso, ukunganaki, ukuthatheka kwezepolitiki kanye nemibono yobuhlanya. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, lezi zimfanelo zacishe zaba munye nanye ezichazwa ngudokotela wezengqondo odumile ogama lakhe Edmund Bergler, owafundela ubungqingili iminyaka engu-30 futhi waqashelwa “njengomcabango obaluleke kakhulu” kulo mkhakha. Kuthathe ababhali abangaphezu kwamakhasi angama-80 ukuchaza izinkinga ezihambisana nendlela yokuphila yomphakathi wezitabane. Isishoshovu se-LGBT u-Igor Kochetkov (umuntu osebenza njenge-ejenti yangaphandle) enkulumweni yakhe "Amandla ezepolitiki wenhlangano ye-LGBT yomhlaba: izishoshovu zawufeza kanjani umgomo wazo" wathi le ncwadi isiphenduke i-ABC yezishoshovu ze-LGBT emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi neRussia, futhi eziningi zisasukela ezimisweni ezichazwe kuyo. Embuzweni: "Ngabe umphakathi we-LGBT uzisusile lezi zinkinga?" U-Igor Kochetkov wamphendula ngokumsusa futhi ebuza ukuvinjelwa, ngokusobala, ukuthi izinkinga zaqhubeka. Okulandelayo incazelo emfushane.
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Ubungqingili besifazane baziwa ngokuthi i-lesbianism (okuvame kakhulu ngama-sapphism, i-tribadism). Leli gama livela egameni lesiqhingi sesiGrikhi iLesbos, lapho uSappho wasendlovukazi yasendulo azalwa futhi ehlala khona, emavesini lapho kukhona khona izinkomba zothando phakathi kwabesifazane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobungqingili besilisa, ubungqingili besifazane bufundiswe kancane. Ubudlelwano bobulili obufanayo phakathi kwabesifazane abunakubhubhisa futhi bufaka izinkinga ezimbalwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho asikho isidingo esithile sokuqondisa imizamo yokucwaninga kule ndawo. Noma kunjalo, kusukela kokuncane okwaziwayo ngabesifazane abangena ebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo, akukho sithombe esibukeka njengemvula. Abesifazane abathandana nobungqingili basengozini enkulu yokuhlupheka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo futhi bakhombise izingqinamba eziningi ezihlobene nendlela yabo yokuphila: ubudlelwane besikhathi esifushane, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ugwayi nezidakamizwa, udlame lozakwethu kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka nge-STD. Izithandani ezindala, ngaphezu kontanga yazo, ngaphansi kwe ingozi yokuthola ukukhuluphala nomdlavuza webele, и kaningi bika ukuba khona kwamathambo, i-asthma, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, inani elandayo lezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nempilo engeyinhle iyonke.
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Isibikezelo
Ngasekuqaleni kwe-1990, izishoshovu ezalungqingili e-US zazama ukwazisa ongqingili njengeqembu "elivikelwe" elikhethekile eNkantolo Ephakeme. Ukuze iqembu elithile labantu lithole isimo esivikelekile, kufanele kube okwangempela, okungelona iqiniso futhi kuhlale njalo (okungewona umphakathi wezitabane). Kulokhu, izishoshovu zezitabane zethule izinganekwane ezahlukahlukene ezazithathwa kalula futhi zisatshalaliswa ngabezindaba zenkululeko. Ngokuphikisana namaqiniso esayensi kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile, bekuthiwa okungenani umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi ubungqingili, nokuthi ukuheha ebulilini bomuntu kuwuphawu lokuzalwa, njengomjaho, okubangelwa uhlobo olukhethekile futhi olungaguquki njengombala wesikhumba. Emzameni wokuzilinganisa ngokwabantu abambalwa abacindezelwe ngokobuhlanga, izishoshovu zaze zaqamba namazwi anjengokuthi "amancane" kanye "nabantu abayizitabane".
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Njengokuqinisekisa "ubuzwe" bokukhangwa ubungqingili, izishoshovu ze-LGBT zivame ukubhekisela kukho ukutadisha isazi sezinzwa uSimon LeVay wango-1991, lapho kuthiwa wathola khona ukuthi i-hypothalamus yabesilisa “abanobungqingili” ilingana neyabesifazane, okuthiwa ibenza ongqingili. Yini ngempela ayithola uLeVay? Angakutholanga ngokuqinisekile kwakuwukuxhumana phakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho kanye nemikhuba yocansi.
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Isikhungo Solwazi Lwesayensi
