Inhloko yenhlangano yezitabane iGLSEN, Okhulumayo engqungqutheleni yabaholi be "LGBT movement" ngo-1995, wachaza ukuthi izinhlelo zobungqingili zethulwa kanjani ohlelweni lwezifundo lwezikhungo zemfundo zikahulumeni:

“Ukusebenzisa amagama afanele kuyisihluthulelo sokunqoba. Kufanele kuhlotshaniswe namanani abantu abavamile. Ngokubiza umbiko wethu "Izikole Ezivikelekile Zezitabane Nama-Lesbians", saphonsa abaphikisi bethu ezikhundleni zokuzivikela futhi santshontsha umugqa wabo wokuhlaselwa. Sigxile kakhulu ekutheni ukubulawa kwabantu besifazaneanye ekhaya kusongela kanjani ukuphepha kwabafundi futhi kudala isimo sezulu lapho udlame, izinkinga zempilo nokuzibulala zivame khona. Akekho noyedwa owayengaphika amazwi ethu athi, "Ngicabanga ukuthi abafundi abadingi ukuphepha, bayeke bazibulale," futhi lokhu kwasivumela ukuthi sibheke izimo zethu. ”

Ngosizo lokuxhaphaza okunjengokwenzelela, izishoshovu ze-homo-activists zakwazi ukwethula amakilasi ahlobene nobungqingili ezikoleni, zathumela izincwadi zazo emitatsheni yezincwadi, kuvulwa amakilabhu ezitabane, njll. Ngaphansi kwenkohliso yokuvimbela ubudlova nokuzibulala, bakhuthaza ubungqingili futhi bakwenze kube okujwayelekile ezingqondweni zezingane ezingenalwazi ngaphandle kokwazi nemvume yabazali babo. Umyalezo wabo oyinhloko ezinganeni: “Ungazami ukucindezela ukuthambekela kobungqingili bakho, uzalwe unje. Phuma uziqhenye ngokuthi ungungqingili. ” Baphinde bagqugquzela izingane ukuthi "zihlole ubunikazi bazo" kanye nokuzama ubudlelwano bobulili obufanayo. Ngakho-ke, incwadi yebanga lesishiyagalolunye ithi "ubulili yindawo yokuvivinya, amaphutha nokuzikhethela komuntu siqu," nokuthi "ukuhlola amakhono akho kwezocansi ebusheni kungaphephe kakhulu nabalingani bakho bobulili bakho."

Eqinisweni, ukubandakanyeka abasebasha ngendlela yokuphila yobungqingili kwandisa ingozi yabo yokuzibulala izikhathi ze-5.

Okuphelele kakhulu ukubonwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 futhi yenziwa eSweden, lapho isiko lisekela ngokuqinile "abantu abashintsha ubulili", bebhala ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwengqondo kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuphinda kwenziwe ucansi, izinga lokuzibulala phakathi kwalabo abahlinzekwe kabusha ngocansi lenyuke izikhathi ezingama-20 uma liqhathaniswa nontanga abaqhathanisekayo.

Izibalo zokuzama ukuzibulala kwabantu ngama-4.6%, phakathi kwe-LGB - 20%, naphakathi kwabantu be-transgender - i-41%, okungukuthi, cishe njalo ngomzuzwana. Izishoshovu ze-LGBT zishesha ukuchaza lezi zibalo ezidabukisayo “ngokubandlulula” nangokuthi “ukucindezelwa” ngumphakathi “ongabekezeleli,” kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwamazwe abekezelayo nezinsolo zobuzwe kubonisa ukuthi lokhu akunjalo.

Amaphesenti wokuzibulala phakathi “kwezingcosana zocansi” emazweni afana neDenmark, Netherlands, Finland noma iSweden, lapho engatholi khona ukukhalazwa okuncane okuvela emphakathini, kuyaqhubeka ephakeme ngokweqilenjengakwezinye izindawo. Ngokumangazayo, ukwamukelwa komphakathi ngobungqingili ngokubanzi kuholela ekwandeni kwezifo nokuhlupheka phakathi kwe-LGB. Ukuziphatha okuzilimazayo kwabobungqingili kukhulu kakhulu lapho bezizwa benethezekile khona (ngokwesibonelo, eSan Francisco).

Uma sithatha inani labantu abamnyama baseMelika, ukubandlulula nokucindezelwa obekusemthethweni yi-state (bheka uJim Crow Laws), sithola ukuthi iphesenti lokuzibulala lalikhona ngisho ngezansikunaphakathi kwabacindezeli bakhe abamhlophe. Ngakho, ukucindezelwa komphakathi akukhuphuki (futhi ukuvunyelwa akunciphi) amanani okuzibulala. Akukhona "ngokubandlulula" nhlobo, kodwa mayelana nezici zengqondo zalaba bantu. Kunesigaba esisodwa kuphela sabantu lapho iphesenti lemizamo yokuzibulala lingama-20-40%, njengabantu be-LGBT, laba yi-schizophrenics.

Cishe bonke ababekade bengongqingili bathi imicabango yokuzibulala ayiqhamuki ebuhlungwini babanye, kepha kusukela ekuzenyanyekeni kwabo nakwenza ngokwabo ngemizimba yabo, kanye nasemizweni yokudangala nokuphelelwa yithemba, ngoba babeqiniseka ukuthi ayikho indlela ukushintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi ongqingili baba abantu abangabacabangi nabalimala kalula, okuyisigameko esidangalisa kunazo zonke esingabathukuthelisa kalula.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imizamo yokuzibulala iveza ubukhona bezinkinga zengqondo, kepha akuhlali kuholela ukuzibulala. Анализ ukuzibulala okwenziwe e-United States kwembula izimbangela eziphambili nezimpawu zokuzibulala kwabantu be-LGBT. Ukuzibulala okuningi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-40-59, lapho umbuzo uba nzima kakhulu ukusesha komlingani, noma ukugcinwa kwakhe (isizungu), bese kuvuka izinkinga zempilo (I-HIV, ama-STD, utshwala kanye nokuluthwa izidakamizwa). Inani elingasho lutho lokuzibulala ngemuva kweminyaka ye-60 libonakala lithakazelisa, elingakhombisa izimbangela zokuzibulala kungahlobene nokucwaswa, kepha kuhlobene nobudlelwano bomuntu siqu, kufaka phakathi abasondelene, noma ukwanda kokushona kwezinye izimbangela.

Ama-47,8% wabantu abathandana nobungqingili (G.) kanye ne-68,8% yabantu abathandana nabesilisa (L.) abazibulala batholwa benenkinga yezempilo yengqondo. I-44,5% G. ne-51,2% L. ngaphambili belashwa ngokwengqondo noma nge-narcological. Ukuzibulala kwe-Lesbian kubangelwa ikakhulukazi Izinkinga ezisondelene nomlingani - 70,7%, izingxabano - 29,3%. Phakathi kobungqingili nazo zisebenza njengesizathu esiyinhloko izinkinga ezisondelene - 36,4% nezingxabano - 21,2%. Imicimbi yempilo eholela ekuzibulaleni yayihlobene kakhulu nenkinga yesikhathi esifushane (kungakapheli amasonto amabili) nezinkinga zempilo.

E-United States, iphethini engavamile ingalandelelwa: inani lemizamo yokuzibulala ye-LGBT empeleni alincikile ekubekezeleni kombuso. Ngisho nasesifundeni esifanayo, isimo siyahluka kakhulu: eCalifornia, kuzwelonke, u-19.7% “wentsha ye-LGB” izame ukuzibulala, kodwa ezindaweni lapho abantu be-LGBT begxile khona, iphesenti lezingane ezingongqingili ezizama ukuzibulala likhuphukela ku-24% eLos Angeles futhi 31% e-San Francisco. -Francisco! (I-CDC 2015). Ucwaningo umehluko phakathi kwe-LGB kanye nabahlanganyeli bobulili obuhlukile ezinhlolovoni ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe ezingu-13 zibonise: isimo sabantu abambalwa ngokocansi siyisici esizinzile sengozi yokugula ngengqondo emazweni ahlukene, kungakhathaliseki izinga lokusekelwa kwe-LGBT. Lesi siphetho siphikisana kokubili okulindelwe ososayensi kanye nedatha yangaphambili ephakamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwesimo sezulu se-LGB ezingeni likahulumeni kanye nempilo yengqondo ethuthukisiwe. Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi akukho ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nangemva kokuba "umshado" wobulili obufanayo usemthethweni.

Ososayensi ukubukela umkhuba ophansi ekwandeni kwemizamo yokuzibulala emphakathini, kodwa naphezu kwalokho ukukhula ukubekezelelana kubantu be-LGBT, isilinganiso sabantu be-LGBT kubantu bobulili obuhlukile abazama ukuzibulala asikashintshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezinye ukutadisha, owafunda ukuguqulwa kwesimo sengqondo sabantu be-LGBT njengoba umphakathi uba nokubekezelela okwengeziwe, wathola ukuthi naphezu kwentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, umehluko empilweni yengqondo phakathi kwabafundi abathandana nobulili obuhlukile kanye nobulili obuhlukile uyanda.

Futhi ulwazi lwenhlangano I-Trevor Project ungabonisi noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo entsheni ye-LGBT mayelana nokuzibulala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukuwohloka okukhulu empilweni yabo yengqondo.

I-Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System eMassachusetts kuyaqinisekisa umkhuba: Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2017, ukuzilimaza phakathi kwentsha yezitabane akuzange kushintshe, kuyilapho phakathi kwentsha ethanda ubulili obuhlukile kwaba nokuncipha kokuziphatha okuyingozi. Futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi iMassachusetts ingenye yezifundazwe ezibekezelela kakhulu, eyokuqala ukugunyaza "imishado" yobulili obufanayo e-United States.

Naphezu kwemizamo yezishoshovu zokuqinisekisa umphakathi ukuthi ukugunyazwa "komshado wobulili obufanayo" ngokusemthethweni kunciphisa amathuba okuzama ukuzibulala, ososayensi baseCambridge abavela "kuNational Bureau of Economic Research" waphika inganekwane le. Kunjalo kutholakeleukuthi ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni "komshado wobulili obufanayo" ngesinqumo senkantolo kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka kwempilo yengqondo yabantu be-LGBT, okuholela ekuphenduleni okungekuhle komphakathi kushintsho olunjalo. Okungukuthi, ukugunyazwa okusemthethweni "kwemishado yobulili obufanayo" akuthuthuki, kodwa kubi kakhulu inhlalakahle yengqondo "yabancane bobulili".

Emaqenjini abungqingili abasebenza ngaphansi kwenjongo enhle yoku “vikela ukuzibulala ”phakathi kwentsha, kukhona umphakathi we-Children 404 nephrojekthi ye-It Gets Better, igama layo elihunyushwe ngokuthi" Konke sekuba ngcono. " Le projekthi ithi izingane ezihlangabezana nokuthambekela kobungqingili zidinga kuphela ukuya esikhathini esinzima sentsha, ngemuva kwalokho zizoba nokuphila okuhle kongqingili. Umsunguli wephrojekthi uDan Savage uvezwa njengesibonelo, nenkulumo-ze yakhe eyifihlakele njengezishoshovu zokulwa nokuxhashazwa isekelwa osopolitiki abanethonya (uBarack Obama, uHillary Clinton), osaziwayo (Justin Bieber, Tom Hanks) kanye nezinhlangano (iGoogle, Apple). Okwakuqala okuthiwa "kukanisa" kwenzeka, kulapho amathuba okuthi azibulale, ikhefu nomndeni nabangane. Abasasazi be-LGBT bakholisa izingane ngesidingo salesi senzo futhi zize zishicilele nemiyalo, bese bezicindezela ukuba zizibulale. Kepha ngenkambiso yemvelo yokuthuthuka kobungqingili futhi ngaphandle kwemvume yokuhlolwa okuyingozi, iningi labo belingakha indlela ejwayelekile yobungqingili be-sex drive.

Eqinisweni, impilo yomuntu wobungqingili eneminyaka yobudala iba kuphela kubi. Izibalo zengculaza, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kanye namathumbu, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo nemilutha ehambisana nokuziphatha kobungqingili ziyamangaza ngempela. Ngokwe-APA, ingxenye yesithathu yabo bonke ongqingili abaneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala izotheleleka nge-HIV noma izofa ngengculazi ngosuku lwabo lokuzalwa lwamashumi amathathu. Ubudlova ohlangothini lozakwethu, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, isizungu, nokudangala kuphakeme ngendlela engafani nabongqingili. Impilo ingangcono kuphela uma umuntu eshiya lokhu okubhubhisayo и ukuphambuka indlela yokuphila ehlotshaniswa njalo nokuhlanekezelwa imikhubaayihambelani nempilo yakhe nenhlala-kahle.

I "LGBT movement" ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanga nenkohliso. Yonke imibono yakhe iphikisana namaqiniso, ukuqondisisa okunengqondo, ukuqonda okujwayelekile, futhi yakhelwe kwizitatimende ezingenasisekelo, ukusebenzisa imizwa, i-sophology kanye ne-demagogy. Izishoshovu zisakaza ngamabomu ngamanga abo ukuphindaphindwao ukuzalwa и ukungasebenzi isimo sakhe, mayelana nokuxhaphaka kwaso ngaphakathi umhlaba wezilwanengaye ukwamukelwa ezikhathini zasendulo njll. Ababhali abaziwayo bobungqingili kuqashelweukuthi ukuphikisana okunjalo kuyicebo lepolitiki lokuthola ukuqashelwa komphakathi namalungelo akhethekile.

Mhlawumbe amanga amakhulu ukuthi ukukhuthaza ubungqingili kanye ne-transsexualism ezinganeni ezibhekene nezinkinga ngobunikazi bazo kungabasiza ngandlela thile. Ukujulisa nokuqhubekisela phambili ukuduka nokudideka kwabo kuyinto embi kakhulu ongabenzela yona - ngokomzwelo, ngokwengqondo, futhi, ngokwezempilo. Laba bantu abasha bavame ukudinga usizo lwangempela, kodwa kunalokho baholelwa ekuziphatheni okunyantisayo nokulimazayo okuphenduka umlutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Intsha eningi, ikakhulukazi leyo eye yabhekana nohlobo oluthile lokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo, ivame ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi iphansi, ukuthi akekho oyidingayo, nokuthi akekho oyoke ayithande. Besebenzisa isiyaluyalu kanye nesizungu esitholakala ekuthombeni, izishoshovu zezitabane zithatha izingane ezididekile ngaphansi kwamaphiko azo, zibanikeze “indlu engcwele” emphakathini we-LGBT ebanika umuzwa wokuba yingxenye nobunye (okubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi inzondo yabo bonke labo abangavumelani nazo. ). Ukucekelwa phansi nosizi olwenzeka emindenini eyahlwithwa izingane yilawa maqembu angenakulinganiswa.

Akekho akazalwanga ubungqingili. Ubungqingili luyisethi yezakhiwo ezitholakele zengqondo nezindlela zokuziphatha, kunezimpawu zokuzalwa. Akunasisekelo sesayensi sokumangalela ukuthi abantu "bazalwa ngaleyondlela," futhi ngisho ne-American Psychological Association, esebenza ngezinto ezepolitiki ukulungisa abathandana nobungqingili, iyavuma lokhu. Muva nje, izifundiswa ezivelele ze-LGBT seziqale ukunxusa izishoshovu ukuthi ziyeke ukukhuthaza inkolelo-ze "yangaphakathi nokubukeka okungashintshashintshi," ngoba ubufakazi obuningi besayensi buqongelele ukuthi lokhu akunjalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuqhubeka nokuphikisana okuphambene nalokho kumane nje kuyinhlekisa.